社会养老服务类型化特征与福利提供者的责任定位

Service Classification and Responsibility Relocation of the Social Endowment System

文章在社会需要理论的基础上,利用2014年中国老年社会追踪调查数据,研究社会养老服务的内容类型化与服务提供者之间的对应关系,并以此明确养老服务提供者的责任定位。研究发现,老年人口对社会养老服务有效需求主要受健康、家庭和市场因素的影响,使用的养老服务主要集中在满足基本健康需要、满足情感需要和提高生活质量三类。根据福利提供者的性质,这三类社会养老服务的提供者分别是政府、家庭和市场,这也是多元福利提供者在社会养老服务中的责任定位。文章认为在养老服务中政府责任的"保基本"应该从保特殊人群的基本转变为保服务项目的基本,保证所有老年人基本需求的获得;家庭在养老服务中仍然承担着情感支持的作用,社会养老服务并不能完全取代家庭养老;市场化养老服务是老年人提升生活质量的途径。政府、市场和家庭在社会养老服务中应按各自的责任定位加强提供能力。

Based on the theory of social needs,this paper studies the correspondence between the classification of social services for the aged and service providers,and identifies the responsibility of service providers by using data from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey in 2014.The research finds that the elderly population's demand for social services is mainly affected by health status,family and market.The elderly care services should meet the basic health needs,family emotional needs and elderly care services for higher quality life.Accordingly,the government,family and market should play the roles of providers for these three types of social endowment service respectively.The paper argues that the"basic protection"from the government should be extended to all the elderly population.Families play the role of emotional support in the old-age care service,which cannot be fully replaced by other providers.Market-oriented service provides access for the elderly to improve their life quality.Finally,the government,market and family should strengthen their providing abilities according to their respective responsibilities.