不同育性三角梅品种之间的形态、花粉活力、造访昆虫及黄酮醇含量的比较研究（英文）

Comparison of Reproductive Biology Including Morphology of Reproductive Organs,Viability of Pollens,Flower Visitors,and Flavonols Accumulation Between Fertile and Sterile Cultivars in Bougainvillea

三角梅高度不育,到目前为止其不育机理仍未理解透彻。本研究通过比较三角梅中可育和不育品种之间的生殖器官特征、花粉的活力、造访昆虫以及花粉中的类黄酮积累差异,为揭示其不育机理提供更多的证据。四个可育和两个不育三角梅品种的花萼管比较结果显示,可育品种的花萼管饱满呈长卵形,而不育品种的花萼管细长管状。可育品种的花粉形态均匀,而不育品种的花粉大小不一。花粉活性结果显示,可育品种的花粉萌发率在11. 1%～46. 5%,不育品种的花粉在相同的培养条件下几乎不萌发。在可育和不育品种间,共有七种昆虫造访,但昆虫的种类没有表现出明显的差异和偏好。类黄酮积累调查结果显示山奈酚/槲皮素糖苷衍生物是花粉中的主要类黄酮组分。利用花粉荧光染料DPBDA对四个可育和两个不育三角梅品种花器官中的黄酮醇含量比较显示,可育材料中的两种黄酮醇的含量显著高于不育材料,花粉管尖端的荧光信号相比花粉管的其他位置更丰富。我们推测黄酮醇含量差异,特别是槲皮素含量可能对三角梅花粉的活力有一定的积极作用。

Plants in Bougainvillea are characterized with high sterility.In this study,morphology of reproductive organs,viability of pollens,flower visitors,and flavonols accumulation were compared between two sterile and four fertile cultivars.The calyx in four fertile cultivars was oval and bigger than that in other sterile cultivars.Pollens were size-consistent in fertile cultivars.Viability of pollens with 11.1 to 46.5 germination rate in fertile cultivars was much higher than that in the sterile.Seven kinds of insect visitors were found in six cultivars,which displayed no discrimination among various cultivars.The results indicated that kaempferol/and quercetin/glycosylated derivatives were the major flavonols accumulating in pollens using the florescence dye,diphenylboric acid 2-aminoethyl ester(DPBA).Florescence strength in tips of pollen tubes was much robuster than that in other parts.Accumulation of flavonols resulted in sharp difference between fertile cultivars and sterile cultivars in the study,which suggested that flavonols especially quercetin might play positive roles in fertility of plants in Bougainvillea.