棉籽壳饲用现状研究

Study on Feed Status of Cottonseed Hull

棉籽壳是一种产量多、来源广的粗饲料资源,其重量约占全棉籽总重的40%～50%。一般棉籽壳粗蛋白含量为4%～6%,粗纤维含量较高为48%左右,对于反刍动物来说是一种很好的纤维来源,适量添加能改善粗饲料适口性增加采食量,在牛羊体内消化率一般为40%左右。但由于其含有较多的棉酚(100～2 500mg/kg),长期或大量饲喂会降低公畜精液质量、造成母畜流产、产生尿结石等,危害家畜健康、降低经济效益。因此饲喂单胃动物时一般通过化学法、物理法或生物发酵法脱除棉酚,反刍动物由于其瘤胃微生物的作用可直接适量饲喂。文章对棉籽壳的营养成分、脱毒以及动物饲喂效果进行综述,以期为发挥棉籽壳更大的应用潜力提供参考。

Cottonseed hull is a kind of roughage resource with high yield and wide source.Its weight accounts about 40%~50%of the total weight of cottonseed.Generally,the crude protein content of cottonseed hull is 4%~6%,and the content of crude fiber is about 48%,which is a good fiber source for ruminants.Cattle and sheep like to eat cottonseed hull,adding appropriate amount of it to diet can improve the palatability of forage and increase dry matter intake,the digestion rate of cottonseed hull is about 40%in cattle and sheep.However,cottonseed hull contains lots of gossypol(100~2500 mg/kg),long-term or large-scale feeding will reduce the quality of male semen,resulting in female abortion,cause urinary calculi,harm livestock health and reduce economic efficiency.Therefore,gossypol is usually removed by chemical,physical or biological fermentation for feeding monogastric animals,ruminant animals can be fed directly for the role of rumen microorganisms.In this paper,the nutritional components,detoxification and feeding effects of the cottonseed hulls were reviewed in order to provide a reference for the potential application of cottonseed hulls.