全球价值链下中国参与全球化和区域一体化的程度及演变趋势

China's Participation in Globalization and Regional Integration and the Evolution Trend:A Study from the Perspective of Global Value Chain

本文运用欧盟的世界投入产出数据库(WIOD),对2000—2014年中国进口中间产品所包含的来自不同国家的增加值比重进行测算,并把这些国家分为四个区域,分析不同区域对中国的增加值贡献,以及中国对以上四个区域的增加值贡献,对比全球价值链下中国参与全球化和区域一体化的不同演变趋势。同时,把WIOD数据库中所列的56个行业细分为13个产业,对比不同产业的国外增加值比重和区域内及区域外增加值比重,分析我国不同产业的发展对于其他国家和地区的依赖程度。得出以下结论:(1)中国的最终产品中所包含的国外增加值比重呈波动下降的趋势。其中,矿产品、燃料产品以及机械制造业两类产业所包含的国外增加值比重较高,但中国在机械制造业方面对国外生产的参与程度也较高;而农业、纺织业和运输业等劳动密集型产业的国外增加值比重则在平均水平以下。(2)中国的区域内增加值比重不断下降,但区域外增加值比重相较于2000年基本保持不变。因此,中国参与全球化分工的程度要高于参与区域内分工的程度。(3)中国的矿产品和燃料产品增加值较多地依赖于国外,尤其是对北美地区依赖程度较高,服务业增加值对欧盟依赖程度较高。

Using the EU’s world input-output database(WIOD),this paper divides different countries into four regions,measures the value added from different countries and areas included in China’s final products,and evaluates China’s contribution to the added values of the four regions.This study also compares the different evolution trends of China’s participation in globalization and regional integration.Meanwhile,we also include the comparison between the proportions of intra-regional and extraregional value added of different industries.Apart from that,we analyze the degree of dependence of different Chinese industries on the other countries and areas.Following are the conclusions:(1)China’s value added from foreign countries included in final products shows a trend of fluctuating downward.The minerals,fuel products as well as mechanical manufacturing industries,however,still keep a high propotion of valueadded imported from foreign countries,while the labor-intensive industries such as agriculture,textile industries are below the average level;(2)China’s proportion of intraregional value added keeps falling and extra-regional value-added stays the same when compared to the data of 2000,so China’s participation in globalization is faster than that in regional integration;(3)The value added of China’s minerals and fuel products depends more on foreign countries and regions,especially North America,and the value added of service sector is more dependent on the EU.