藜麦植株养分积累对源库调节的响应

Response of Nutrient Accumulation in Quinoa to Source-sink Adjustment

在藜麦种植过程中,存在侧枝折断率和无效穗率高等问题,从而导致藜麦产量品质降低及收获困难。为降低植株侧枝折断率和无效穗率,通过对比不同源库调节措施:去叶(CLE)、去侧枝穗(CSE)、去叶去侧枝穗(CLS)、去顶穗(TOP)、包顶穗(PTE)和对照(CK),旨在探明植株养分积累对不同源库调节措施的响应。结果表明,不同处理下藜麦产量均与对照间呈显著性差异,CSE处理未折断穗产量最高,较CK高5. 2%,其植株茎粗较CK增加14. 0%,分枝数减少10. 0%,千粒质量增加6. 0%,TOP较CK处理分枝数增加了8. 0%;顶穗对群体叶面积指数增加效应大于侧枝穗,CSE处理较CK显著增加光合有效辐射,产量与粒质量/叶干质量、粒质量/叶面积和粒数/叶面积呈显著正相关;源库器官对灌浆速率和干物质积累作用大小关系为叶片>顶穗>侧穗;藜麦灌浆期-成熟初期,顶穗和侧枝穗对植株养分贡献率均呈增加趋势,CSE、TOP、CLE处理总养分贡献率分别为对照的100. 5%,87. 6%,49. 0%。因此,在藜麦生育后期,穗为主要源器官之一,且顶穗优势明显,生产上应在选择优良品种、适宜水肥管理和合理密植基础上,配套去顶穗(打顶)或去侧枝穗措施,去除顶端优势或无效库器官,从而达到调节养分流向和提高养分积累效率的目的,促进源库协调发展,实现藜麦品质及产量的提升。

During the quinoa cultivation,the yield and quality of quinoa are reduced due to the high rate of branch breakage and ineffective panicle.In this experiment,the randomized block design was adopted to study the effects of 6 treatments,which are cutting leaves(CLE),cutting side ears(CSE),cutting leaves and cutting side ears(CLS),topping(TOP),package the top ear(PTE)and control(CK),and to find the responses of plant nutrient accumulation to different regulation measures.The results showed that:the yield of quinoa was significantly different with the control,the unbroken spike yield of CSE treatment was highest,the yield,the stem diameter and the 1 000-grain weight of CSE were 5.2%,14.0%and 6.0%higher than that in CK,the number of branches of CSE were 10%lower than that in CK,the branches of topping was 8.0%higher than that in CK;The effect of top panicle more than that of lateral branch spike on leaf area index increasing,CSE was significantly higher than CK in photosynthetically active radiation,and there was a significant positive correlation between yield and grain weight/leaf dry weight,grain weight/leaf area and kernel per ear/leaf area.The effects of source-sink organs on the grain filling rate and dry matter accumulation was leaf>top ear>lateral ear.From the filling stage to the ripening stage of quinoa,the contribution of top and lateral branch spikes were rising trend.The contribution rate of CSE,TOP and CLE were 100.5%,87.6%and 49.0%of the control.Therefore,in the late growth period of quinoa,spike is one of the main source organs,and the top panicles have obvious advantages.It is on the basis of selection of fine varieties,appropriate management of water and fertilizer and rational close planting,and support with topping or side branches spike measures to remove the top advantage or invalid library organs,so as to achieve the purpose of regulating the flow of nutrients and improve the efficiency of nutrient accumulation,and promote the harmonious development of the source-sink,to achieve quinoa quality and yield improvement.