小麦品种抗倒伏能力定性定量研究

Qualitative and Quantitative Study on Lodging Resistance of Wheat Varieties in Henan Province

为有效评价小麦品种抗倒伏能力,以2015-2016年河南省小麦区域试验水地组参试品种为研究对象,采用倒伏指数、聚类分析和主成分分析等方法,利用多试点倒伏鉴定结果,对84个河南省小麦新品种的抗倒伏能力进行了初步定性和定量分析。结果表明,84个小麦品种平均倒伏指数为7. 06,倒伏指数≤3. 50的品种有40个,占参试品种的47. 6%,倒伏指数≥20的品种有8个,占参试品种的9. 5%,河南省区域试验参试小麦新品种抗倒伏能力总体上处于较好水平。相关性分析表明,倒伏指数与倒伏面积、倒伏级别、严重倒伏点率相关系数分别达到0. 977**,0. 912**,0. 906**,说明倒伏指数能较好地评价小麦品种的抗倒伏能力。主成分分析表明,倒伏指数、倒伏面积、倒伏级别和严重倒伏点率(2017版标准)是本研究中衡量品种抗倒性最好的指标。综合倒伏指数和倒伏参数(包含严重倒伏点率、倒伏点率、倒伏面积和倒伏级别)对品种进行抗倒性表型聚类分析,比单独应用倒伏指数或倒伏参数效果更好。上述方法在单点或多点试验中均可有效地定性和定量小麦品种抗倒伏能力大小,同时可推广到其他禾谷类作物抗倒伏能力鉴定研究,可有效估测小麦品种抗倒伏能力大小及准确地进行品种分类。

In order to measure the lodging resistance of wheat effectively,84 new wheat varieties from the Regional Trial of Henan Province in 2015-2016 were analyzed using lodging index,cluster analysis and principal component analysis.The result showed that the average lodging index was 7.06,40 varieties were below 3.50,accounting for 47.6%of all tested varieties,and 8 varieties had the lodging index value above 20,accounting for 9.5%,which indicated that the lodging resistance of most new varieties tested in Henan Regional Trial was good.The correlation coefficient of lodging index with lodging area,lodging level and ratio of severe lodging pilot was 0.977**,0.912**and 0.906**,respectively,reaching to 0.01 significant level,which suggested that the lodging index could quantify the lodging resistance well.Principal component analysis showed that lodging index,lodging area,lodging level and ratio of severe lodging pilot(based on 2017 criterion)were the best indicators to measure the lodging resistance of wheat.The combination of phenotypic clustering with lodging index and lodging parameters(including ratio of severe lodging pilot,ratio of lodging pilot,lodging area and lodging level)was better than lodging index or lodging parameter alone to evaluate the lodging resistance.It was concluded that this method could measure the lodging resistance qualitatively and quantitatively in single spot or multi-spot trials,and it could be extended to other cereal crops to identify lodging resistance.The proposed method provided a feasible way for estimating and classifying the lodging resistance of wheat varieties effectively.