莱州湾南岸新石器时代文化遗址的时空分布特征分析

Spatial-Temporal Features of Cultural Sites of Neolithic Age on South Bank of Laizhou Bay

基于Arc GIS10. 3平台对莱州湾南岸新石器时代文化遗址的高程、坡度、坡向、濒河度等指标进行分析,得出文化遗址的分布及演变特征。研究表明:新石器时代莱州湾南岸的遗址数量、出现频率及在出现总数中的比例,基本呈现明显的先增后降的倒V型(非对称)变化趋势,即萌芽—发展—巅峰—衰退;遗址点高程分布具有一定的规律性,后李文化、龙山文化和岳石文化时期的遗址集中分布于高程为0～29 m的地区,而大汶口文化时期遗址高程为10～29 m;从坡度来看,遗址点主要分布于坡度为0～4°的平缓地区,从坡向来看,古人大多集中在南向、东南向和西南向的位置;后李文化至龙山文化时期,河流对聚落选址的影响程度逐渐降低,古人适应环境的能力逐渐增强。

Based on ArcGIS10.3 platform,the elevation,slope,aspect,and river-orientation of the Neolithic Age sites were analyzed on the south bank of Laizhou Bay,and the distribution and evolution characteristics of the Neolithic cultural sites were obtained.The results show that the number of sites,frequency of occurrence and proportion of the sites on the south bank of Laizhou Bay in the Neolithic Age are basically the same as that of the inverted V shape(asymmetric),which is germination-developmen-pinnacle-recession.The site elevation distribution of the site has a certain regularity.Almost all sites in the cultural period are located in the area of 0 m to 29 m in elevation,while the site of Dawenkou Culture period elevation ranges from 10 m to 29 m.From the perspective of slope,the sites of the ruins are mainly located in the gentle area with the slope range of 0°to 4°.From the aspect of view,most of the ancients concentrated in the south,southeast and southwest.In the period of Houli Culture and Longshan Culture,the impact of rivers on settlement location gradually decreased,and the ancients’ability of adapting to the environment gradually increased.