经济转型视角下矿产资源城市生态敏感性评价

Evaluation of ecological sensitivity of mineral resources city under economic transformation

为探究矿产资源型城市生态敏感性特征并对其进行分区保护和管理,该文以大同市为例,从自然生态属性、自然-社会生态复合属性和社会生态属性3个方面选取了地形地质、覆被类型、水系防护、保护区4类指标构建了生态敏感性评价指标体系,考虑到转型背景下矿产资源城市极易受人类干扰的农田因素影响,该文探讨了将农田生态因子加入前和加入后的影响关系分析,并运用要素空间叠置制图法和极大值法对大同市2015年生态敏感性进行了分类定量评价及分等定级。结果表明:1)大同市生态敏感性偏高,高敏感区域和低敏感区域占市域面积较大,在人类活动影响下易导致生态系统不稳定;2)大同市生态敏感性空间分异明显表现为:高敏感区主要分布在西北部、中部及西南部,低敏感区主要分布在东北部、西北部及南部,中敏感区主要沿西北-东南轴两侧分散分布;3)农田因素对人类活动干扰反应较大,是影响大同市生态敏感性的重要因素,加入农田因子后该区生态敏感性各等级面积比例变化差异较大,其中低敏感区面积减少了15.40%,中敏感区和高敏感区面积分别增加了10.80%和4.60%。研究结果可为资源型城市生态保护及土地空间整治提供重要的理论依据,以及对矿产资源城市更好的处理好区域经济转型发展与生态环境保护两者关系提供科学借鉴。

In order to explore the ecological sensitivity characteristics of mineral resource cities and to protect and manage them in different areas,taking Datong city of Shanxi province as an example,in this paper,we selected topographic geology,cover type and water system protection from 3 aspects:natural ecological attribute,natural and social-ecological compound attribute and social-ecological attribute.The index system of ecological sensitivity evaluation was constructed by 4 types of index,considering the influence of farmland factors which were easily affected by human disturbance in mineral resource cities under the background of transition.We discussed the influence of farmland ecological factors before and after adding,and made a classification and quantitative evaluation and grading study on ecological sensitivity of Datong city of Shanxi province by means of factor space overlay mapping method and maximum method in 2015.The results showed that:1)The ecological sensitivity of Datong city was relatively high.The area of high sensitive area and low sensitive area was larger,and it was easy to cause ecosystem instability under the influence of human activity intensity or external force.The high sensitive area,ecological sensitive area and ecological low sensitive area of the urban area accounted for 25.20%,47.10%and 27.70%,respectively.Without farmland factor,ecological high sensitive area,ecological sensitive area and ecological low sensitive area of urban area accounted for 20.60%,36.30%,43.10%,respectively.2)The ecological sensitivity of Datong city was different in space,and the distribution pattern was as follows:the high sensitive area mainly distributes in the northwest,including the Xinrong district,Nanjiao district;The middle part,including the border area between Datong district and Hunyuan county,the south area of Hunyuan county;The southwest,including the border area between Guangling county and Lingqiu county.The low sensitive areas were mainly distributed in the northeast,including Yanggao county,Tianzhen county;Northwest,including Zuoyun county;the middle part,including Datong county,Guangling county;and the south part,including the central area of Lingqiu county.The middle sensitive area distributes mainly along the northwest of the terrain to the two sides of the southeast axis.3)Farmland ecosystem had a strong response to human activities and was an important factor affecting ecological sensitivity evaluation.Adding farmland factors would affect the proportion of sensitive areas and low sensitive areas in ecology.Through the spatial distribution map of ecological sensitivity evaluation,it could be seen that the spatial distribution of ecological sensitivity changes,the low sensitive area decreases obviously,the middle sensitive area increased obviously,and the high sensitive area changed little after adding farmland factors.After adding farmland factors,there was a great difference in the proportion of ecological sensitivity area in this region,in which the lowly sensitive area decreased by 15.40%,and the moderately sensitive area and highly sensitive area increased by 10.80%and 4.60%,respectively.The results can provide important theoretical basis for ecological protection and land spatial renovation in resource-based cities,and provide scientific reference for mineral resources cities to better handle the relationship between regional economic transformation and ecological environment protection.