不同湿度条件下马六甲肉食螨的生长发育初探

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHEYLETUS MALACCENSIS(OUDEMANS) UNDER DIFFERENT HUMIDITY CONDITIONS

马六甲肉食螨广泛存在我国粮库中,以储粮害虫害螨为食,是储粮虫螨的潜在天敌资源。根据粮库中害虫发生的常规条件,研究马六甲肉食螨在24℃、不同相对湿度(RH 65%±2%、75%±2%、85%±2%、95%±2%)条件下的生长发育,为马六甲肉食螨在粮库应用和工厂化饲养扩繁提供基础资料。结果表明:马六甲肉食螨的生长发育经历卵、幼螨、原若螨、后若螨、成螨5个阶段,其中雄螨没有后若螨态。马六甲肉食螨雌螨在RH(85±2)%时由卵发育为成螨所需的时间最短,平均为16.3 d,RH(65±2)%时所需发育时间最长,平均为18.6 d;而雄螨在RH(95±2)%时所需发育时间最短,平均为12.6 d,RH(65±2)%时最长,平均为14.7 d,在RH(95±2)%时,成螨期和发育总历期最长,分别为83.5 d和95.8 d,湿度对马六甲肉食螨雄螨的成螨期和发育总历期有显著影响。雌成螨平均产卵总数、产卵天数和每日产卵量在RH(85±2)%时最大,分别为493.0粒、46.2 d、10.3粒/d。本研究为应用马六甲肉食螨防治储粮害虫提供了生物学基础参数。

Cheyletus malaccensis(Oudemans)is a kind of predatory mite,which widely exists in grain storage warehouses,and is a potential natural enemy for stored-product pests.Based on the usual temperature and relative humidity condition of pest occurrence in granary,the growth and development of C.malaccensis were studied at 24℃with different relative humidity(RH(65±2)%,(75±2)%,(85±2)%and(95±2)%),fed with Acarus siro(Linnaeus),and this study will be helpful for using C.malaccensis to control stored grain pest and its artificial reproduction in large-scale.The results showed that C.malaccensis experienced five stages,including eggs,larvae,protonymph,deutonymph and adult,deutonymph was absent in males’development.At RH(85±2)%,the time from egg to adult was the shortest with an average of 16.3 days,and the longest development time was RH(65±2)%with an average of 18.6 days.The male mites in the RH(95±2)%had the shortest development time with an average of 12.6 days,and the longest development time with an average of 14.7 days at RH(65±2)%.At RH(65±2)%,the adult stage and the total development period were the longest,83.5 and 95.8 days,respectively.Humidity significantly affected on the adult stage and the development duration of all stages.The maximum average number of eggs per female,oviposition period and daily fecundity were 493.0,46.2 days,10.3 respectively at RH(85±2)%.This study provides basic biological parameters for C.malaccensis to control stored grain pests and mite.