青少年耐力运动员最大摄氧量与NICOM心排量的相关性分析

An analysis on the correlation between the VO_(2max) and NICOM cardiac output of the adolescent endurance Athletes

目的:利用无创心排量检测仪(NICOM)观察记录不同年龄段青少年耐力运动员在递增负荷运动中心排量等参数的变化,并与最大摄氧量做相关性分析。方法:选取11～16岁青少年耐力项目(中长跑、自行车、皮划艇、赛艇)运动员83人(男53,女30),按2岁间隔分为3组:A组(11～12岁)、B组(13～14岁)和C组(15～16岁),进行功率自行车(Monark839)递增负荷测试,NICOM同步记录心排量、心率、每搏输出量、心指数等数据。结果:(1)安静每搏输出量B组较A组明显增加,但与C组无差异;最大心排量、最大每搏输出量和最大摄氧量绝对值在男运动员各组间差异明显,且随年龄增长而增加,女运动员则B组较A组增加,与C组无差异;3组之间安静心排量和最高心率均无明显差异。(2)利用多元逐步回归的方法,获得回归方程式:A组,最大摄氧量相对值=0.535×安静时每搏输出量-13.12×安静时心排量+12.232×安静时心指数+39.727(R=0.889,p<0.001);B组男运动员:最大摄氧量相对值=2.904×安静时心排量-1.01×安静时心率-0.692×安静时每搏输出量+175.973(R=0.932,p<0.001),B组女运动员:最大摄氧量相对值=-5.635×安静时心排量+87.181(R=0.691,p<0.001);C组未获得回归方程式。结论:(1)青少年耐力运动员的有氧能力随年龄的增长而逐步提高,与心排量和最大每搏输出量的增加有关。(2)11～12岁和13～14岁年龄段的青少年耐力运动员可以运用心排量各参数建立的回归方程式推导最大摄氧量。(3)NICOM心排量检测仪无创安全、精确便携,在运动选育才领域内也有一定的适用性。

Objectsive:To study the correlation between the VO2max and cardiac output of different ages adolescent endurance athletes,the non-invasive cardiac output monitoring system(NICOM)was utilized to record parameters during progressive cycle ergometer test.Methods:We selected 83 adolescent endurance athletes(middle distance running,cycling,canoeing and rowing;53 males,30 females;age range,11~16).They were divided into 3 groups according to 2 years interval,group A(11~12yr)、group B(13~14yr)and group C(15~16yr).NICOM monitored CO,SV and CI simultaneously during progressive cycle ergometer test.Results:(1)The results showed that SVrest of group B was significant higher than group A,but no difference with group C;There was a significant difference in COmax,SVmax and absolute VO2max between male groups,showing higher trends difference were seen in COrest and HRmax between groups.2.The equations were obtained by using the multiple stepwise regression analysis.group A:VO2max=0.535×SVrest-13.12×COrest+12.232×CIrest+39.727(R=0.889,p<0.001);Group B male:VO2max=2.904×COrest-1.01×HRrest-0.692×SVrest+175.973(R=0.932,p<0.001),Group B female:VO2max=-5.635×COrest+87.181(R=0.691,p<0.001);Group C didn’t get the equation.Conclusions:1.The aerobic capability of adolescent endurance athletes gradually increased with the growth of age,due primarily to the enhancement of COmax and SVmax.(2)The VO2max may be predicted by equation with CO related parameters in adolescent endurance athletes of age group 11~12 and 13~14.(3)With safe,no-harm,accurate and portable index,NICOM is applied to sports fields for evaluating and electing excellent adolescent endurance athletes,but more applicability needs further research.