中国参与非洲港口发展:形势分析与风险管控

China's Participation in African Ports Project: Progress and Risk Controls

在"一带一路"倡议的实施进程中,中非海上互通具有巨大的合作潜力。撒哈拉以南非洲港口及其集疏运系统发展滞后并严重制约其经济发展。目前,在区域规划的引领下,该地区国家已大力推动运输通道和港口建设。中国在对接非洲基础设施发展规划的过程中,相关融资机构与建设运营企业已通过多种方式,建设、投资与运营了部分港口项目,但亦面临因项目布局、参与主体构成及运行方式不合理可能引发的经济风险,因环保问题和东道国经济民族主义情绪等因素可能触发的社会风险,以及外部政治因素引起的地缘政治风险等多重风险。这些风险因素往往相互交织、互为触发因素。妥善应对这些风险,对保障中国参与非洲港口发展及中非海上互通具有重要意义。因此,中国政府、融资机构、相关建设与投资运营企业需优化项目评估与项目布局、拓展融资方式、强化社会风险防范、构建利益相关方共同体以及充分利用多边合作平台。

As one of the most important parts of the Belt and Road Initiative,China-Africa maritime traffic has great potential for cooperation.Seaport and ground access facility in sub-Saharan Africa lag behind and have severely impeded its economic development.At present,guided by regional plan,regional cooperation organizations and countries have begun to promote the construction of corridors and ports for transportation.In the process of coordinating the infrastructure development plan of Africa,Chinese financing agencies,construction and operation companies have built,invested,and operated some port projects along the African coast to promote inter-African connectivity as well as China-Africa maritime connectivity.However,the Chinese enterprises are confronted with economic risks derived from projects layout,the role of SOEs and operation pattern;social risks triggered by environmental issues and economic nationalism;and geopolitical risks caused by external political factors.These risk factors are often intertwined with and triggered by each other.With the aim to strengthen China s participation in African port projects and promote Sino-Africa maritime connectivity,it will be of great significance to properly handle the risks.Therefore,the Chinese government,financing agencies,construction and investment companies need to coordinate to improve the risk assessment and layout of projects,expand financing channels,strengthen social risk prevention,establish the community of stakeholders,and make the best of the multilateral platform of cooperation.