海上咽喉管控模式变迁——以马六甲海峡为例

Managing Pattern Transformation of Maritime Choke Points: In the Case of the Strait of Malacca

管控海上咽喉的国家,能够凭借其地缘便利,比其他国家更加顺畅、高效地以更低的成本从海外获取国家发展所必需的资源和市场。管控模式的变迁意味着地缘主导权归属格局的根本改变,其中,海上咽喉地缘便利性的变化和使用国的实力竞争对这种变迁发挥着决定性作用。而新兴使用国在拓展海外联系时,会增强对海上咽喉地缘便利的依赖,往往会在这里增投实力资源以改变管控国数量、共管国实力竞争格局或独管国权威水平,从而使原有模式发生变迁。

Thanks to the geographical advantages of choke points in Maritime Strategic Thoroughfares,countries managing choke points have less hindered,cheaper and more efficient access to foreign resources and markets necessary for national development than other countries.Managing pattern transformation of the choke points mean fundamental changes of ownership structures on geographical dominance,in which two variables play decisive roles:changes in geographical advantages of choke points and the capability-based competition among the countries that harness the choke points.When emerging countries harnessing the choke points expands their overseas ties,they will become increasingly dependent on the geographical advantages of the choke points.In the process,these countries are prone to invest more strength and resources in the region,which give rise to three kinds of managing pattern transformation:the number of countries as managers;the structures of capability-based competition among countries as co-managers and the authority of the sole country as manager.