产妇分娩疼痛体验及对疼痛管理期望的质性研究

Labor pain experiences and pain management expectations:a qualitative study among postpartum women

目的了解产妇分娩过程中疼痛的真实感受,探索其对分娩疼痛管理的期望,以期提升产妇的分娩体验。方法 2017年12月—2018年2月,采用描述性质性研究的方式,立意抽样选取复旦大学附属妇产科医院12名经阴道分娩的产妇,进行半结构式访谈,采用内容分析法进行资料分析。结果产妇经历了强烈的分娩疼痛,疼痛主要分布于下腹部、腰部、后背部、会阴部等,疼痛强度范围从中度到重度,以重度为主,疼痛评分多≥7分。但目前产妇对分娩疼痛的应对能力薄弱,助产人员对分娩疼痛的重视程度不足。产妇期望在分娩时能得到助产人员的支持和家属的陪伴,期望在疼痛强烈时应用镇痛技术,在产前获得分娩疼痛知识的教育。结论产妇分娩过程中会经历强烈的分娩疼痛,助产人员需要重视产妇的分娩疼痛,并对分娩疼痛做出有效管理。

Objective To understand the labor pain experiences among puerperas and explore their pain management expectations,so as to improve the labor experiences.Methods An exploratory descriptive qualitative approach was adopted to collect the data through individual interviews.From December 2017 to February 2018,12 puerperas with vaginal delivery in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were purposively sampled,and semi-structured interview was conducted.The data were analyzed inductively using content analysis techniques.Results The puerperas in this study experienced labor pain rated from moderate to severe,mainly with severe pain.The pain scores were generally above 7 points.The pain was felt in the lower abdomen,waist,back and perineum.However,the coping ability of puerperas was relatively poor and the midwives should pay more attention to labor pain.The puerperas expected to get supports from midwives and family members,get pain relief measures when they cannot bear,and get information of labor pain relief in prenatal care.Conclusion The puerperas will experience severe pain during labor.The midwives need to pay more attention to labor pain and manage labor pain effectively.