乡村劳动伦理观变迁与乡村犯罪样态演化(1978—2018)

Changes in Labor Ethics and Evolution of the Form of Crimes in China's Rural Areas from 1978 to 2018

1978年后,中国乡村发生了急促变革,导致不同伦理观更迭之际出现前后交错与衔接不畅的现象。这种现象恰好能够显示乡村共同体中的群体及个体行为的心理动因,也成为解读乡村劳动伦理观与乡村犯罪样态之间关系的经验图谱。大致来说,有什么样的财富观和伦理观,就有什么样的劳动伦理观,也就有什么样的乡村犯罪形态;反之,在每一种具体乡村犯罪形态之下,也能寻找到一种乡村劳动伦理观与之匹配。乡村劳动伦理观对乡村犯罪形态产生深刻影响。在责任主义劳动伦理观、消遣主义劳动伦理观和消费主义劳动伦理观分别占主导地位的情形下,中国乡村犯罪会呈现不同样态。由此,要清理乡村犯罪并防止其进一步异化,需要着手对乡村劳动伦理观进行整肃,并力图重构新乡村劳动伦理观。新乡村劳动伦理观至少应当涵括劳动幸福伦理观、劳动时尚伦理观、劳动梦想伦理观等重要分支。

Since 1978,dramatic changes have taken place in Chinese rural areas,leading to considerable overlap and inconsistency between different views on ethics.This can show the psychological motives for the individual and collective behaviors in the rural communities and provide empirical data to paint a genealogical picture of the relationship between the labor ethics and the form of crimes in the rural areas.Generally speaking,the existence of a certain view on wealth and ethics means the existence of a corresponding view on labor ethics.As a result,a specific view on labor ethics will have a corresponding form of crime or vice versa.That is to say,the view on labor ethics has profound influence on the form of rural crimes.In the situations where labor is respectively viewed as a duty,a means for gaining entertainment and an access to better consumption,the crimes committed in China’s rural areas will show different forms.Therefore,in order to settle and prevent crimes in the rural areas,it is necessary for us to correct the wrong views on labor and try to create a new set of labor ethics.The new labor ethics should include such branches as viewing labor as a source of happiness;as an access to fashionable life;and as a means to realize one’s dreams.