中坚农民支撑的乡村振兴:缘起、功能与路径选择

Rural Revitalization Supported by the Backbone Farmers: Origin, Function and Path Choice

"自下而上积累""自上而下资源输入""自外而内资本下乡"等乡村振兴道路均面临着困境,难以破解小农与大市场、国家资源对接的难题。我国农村社会结构发生了深刻变迁,具有独特禀赋的中坚农民群体正在兴起。再造于乡村内部、发展适度规模经营、有一定经济积累和善于面向市场的中坚农民,具有组织起普通农户、联结农业经营多元主体以及构建自发互助合作机制等经济和社会层面的功能。中坚农民是推动乡村振兴的理想主体,能够增强乡村政治与治理的能动性和稳定性。新时代推进乡村振兴战略,应以中坚农民为主体作为不同发展道路的"接点",在乡村社会主体再造中着力培育和保护中坚农民,以中坚农民为纽带建立起乡村发展的多主体利益联结机制,引导、支持和鼓励中坚农民走向联合,走一条"自内而外、联结上下"的整合型道路。

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