讨论方式对目击证人记忆的影响

On Influence of Type of Discussion on Eyewitness Memory

以54名大学生为被试,采用模拟事件范式,创设共同目击者讨论、问题讨论和无讨论3种讨论方式,探讨讨论方式对目击证人自由回忆不同类型案件信息的效果、信心及其确信度的影响.研究显示:相比细节信息,被试对动作信息的回忆正确率、信心更高,校准和信心准确率得分更低;相比问题讨论组和无讨论组,共同目击者讨论组被试回忆的信息总数和正确数更高.表明目击证人对动作信息的记忆和确信度好于对细节信息的记忆,对细节信息的记忆过于自信;共同目击者讨论仅增加了自由回忆的信息量,并没有提高自由回忆效果.

54 undergraduate students have participated in the current study,and they were randomly allocated to one of three conditions:co-witness discussion,problem discussion and control.After they watched the criminal film,the first two with five discussions each during three weeks.Then all participants recalled the event freely,and judged their confidence.By means of some indicators such as proportion correct,confidence,et al,the study investigated the effect of the type of discussion on eyewitness memory and confidence accuracy.The results show that eyewitness proportion correct and confidence of action information are significantly higher than detail information,and the score of calibration and over/under confidence are significantly lower than detail information;compared with problem discussion and control condition,co-witness discussion group recalls more items and more correct items.The result indicates that eyewitness memory and confidence accuracy of action information are better than detail information,and they show overconfident in detail information;co-witness discussion doesn't improve the effect of eyewitness free recall,but only increases the amount of memory.