慢性踝关节不稳的运动康复:研究现状与特点

Sports rehabilitation of chronic ankle instability: research status and characteristics

背景:运动康复方法是近年兴起的无创伤的治疗手段,对各种运动损伤具有较好的疗效。而慢性踝关节不稳是运动中较容易发生的疾病之一,复发率高较难恢复。目的:叙述慢性踝关节不稳的最新运动康复方法,阐述国内外相关方法的研究现状。方法:由第一作者于2018年6月检索2003年1月至2018年6月期间PubMed/MEDLINE、Cochrane、CINAHL、CNKI数据库收录的慢性踝关节不稳的各类运动康复方法及研究进展。中文检索词为:"慢性踝关节不稳;踝关节不稳;运动康复;研究进展;足踝护具;徒手治疗;功能训练",英文检索词分别为:"chronic ankle instability;CAI;ankle instability;exercise rehabilitation;athletic rehabilitation;physical therapy;ankle foot orthoses;manual therapy;functional training"。结果与结论:慢性踝关节不稳的常用护具有弹力绷带、肌内效贴以及足踝护具,其主要通过外力固定踝关节防止损伤后的复发;徒手治疗方法常用的有关节松动技术和动态关节松动技术等方法;功能训练有肌力训练技术、本体感觉训练、平衡训练以及神经肌肉控制训练等方法。弹力绷带、肌内效贴以及足踝护具这3类运动康复方法具有较好的治疗效果,值得进一步推广应用。

BACKGROUND:Sports rehabilitation is a noninvasive and effective treatment method of sport injuries.Chronic ankle instability is one of the most common symptoms of exercise,with high recurrence incidence,so it is difficult to restore.OBJECTIVE:To describe the latest sports rehabilitation method for chronic ankle instability,and to summarize the research status of related methods.METHODS:The first author retrieved the articles addressing various sports rehabilitation methods and research progress of chronic ankle instability included in the databases of PubMed,MEDLINE,Cochrane,CINAHL and CNKI from January 2003 to June 2018.The key words were“chronic ankle instability,CAI,ankle instability,exercise rehabilitation,athletic rehabilitation,physical therapy,ankle foot orthoses,manual therapy,functional training”in English and Chinese,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The commonly used protectors for chronic ankle instability are elastic bandage,muscle effect paste and ankle protector,which mainly prevent the recurrence of injury by fixing the ankle joint by external force.The commonly used free hand therapy includes joint loosening and dynamic joint loosening.The training methods include sensory training,balance training and neuromuscular control training.These three kinds of methods hold good therapeutic effects and deserve further promotion and application.