应用运动传感器量化监测智力障碍者的身体活动水平

Physical activity of people with intellectual disability measured by motion sensor

背景:身体活动参与能改善智力障碍者的身体功能和生活技能以补偿智力功能的缺陷,从而减轻家庭的照顾成本。国外应用运动传感器测量智力障碍者身体活动的研究已具有一定的广度和深度,而国内相关研究刚刚起步。目的:归纳国外应用运动传感器测量智力障碍者身体活动的研究,系统梳理研究中智力障碍者身体活动相关主题,为国内该人群针对性的身体活动健康促进方案的制定提供借鉴和参考。方法:以Web of Science为检索数据库,以"intellectual disability"和"mental retardation"为人群关键词、以"physicalactivity"和"exercise"为行为关键词进行主题检索,人群关键词检索结果与行为关键词检索结果进行"AND组配",语种为英语,检索有效时间为2007至2017年。测量工具必须使用加速度计和计步器是文献筛选的基本条件。结果与结论:(1)加速度计和计步器作为智力障碍者身体活动水平测量工具具有较高的一致性和精确性;(2)0%-43%的智力障碍者能满足身体活动的推荐量标准,满足推荐量的人数比例低于健全人;(3)横向研究表明智力障碍者身体活动水平与体质量指数、血压、最大摄氧量等健康指标相关;(4)智力障碍者身体活动参与的影响因素中个体的功能和能力是直接因素,社会和环境因素是促成强化因素;(5)运动锻炼和健康知识学习干预使智力障碍者的身体活动水平有所改善,但效果不显著。未来中国相关研究一方面要重视横向、纵向交叉研究探索智力障碍者身体活动水平与健康的关系;另一方面身体活动干预方案的制定和实施既要重视方案设计的针对性,又要注意干预时间的持续性,同时不能忽视效果测评的周期性。

BACKGROUND:Documented benefits of physical activity include improvement in physical function and life skills for people with intellectual disabilities,thus reducing family burden.The measurement toll of physical activity in foreign countries has been well studied,while it is still in the early stage in China.OBJECTIVE:To systematically analyze the researches concerning measuring physical activity using motion sensor tools in people with intellectual disabilities,so as to provide reference for physical activity health promotion program in these populations.METHODS:Web of Science was searched with keywords of“intellectual disability,mental retardation,physical activity,exercise”from 2007 to 2017.The measurement tools must be accelerometer or pedometer.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:Accelerometer and pedometer have high validity and reliability in measurement of physical activity among people with intellectual disabilities.0%-43%people with intellectual disabilities meet the physical activity recommendation guidelines,which is lower than the proportion of typically developing people.Cross-sectional studies show that physical activity is related to body mass index,blood pressure and VO2max.Physical activity participation is a direct factor influencing physical function,while social and environment factors are the indirect factors.Intervention of exercise and health knowledge learning can increase physical activity to some extent.Future studies should be focused on horizontal and longitudinal relationship between physical activity and health factors.The formulation and implementation of the physical activity intervention program should not only pay attention to the pertinence of the scheme design,but also pay attention to the persistence of the intervention time,while the periodicity of the effect evaluation should never be ignored.