月映万川:朱熹女性伦理的工夫论诠释

Ten Thousands of Rivers Reflecting the Moon:Interpreting Feminist Ethics of Zhuxi in Light of Cultivation Theory

儒家的女性伦理历来是以三纲五常为主体、坤德为中心而展开的。在程朱理学,尤其是朱熹天理之节文、人事之仪则相结合的语境下,随着坤德成为重要的实践工夫,女性伦理学得到了极为丰富的发展。朱熹以知行相须、博文约礼、下学上达一系列具有坤德特点的工夫论作为基础,发展出了富有平等意涵的“月映万川”的女性伦理学。女性可以通过同样的知行工夫使天理客体化为自身的明德,由此获得与男性平等的形而上学地位;这种形而上学以注重下学、礼卑的工夫论为主体,更能赋予坤德行权责任的实质,为女性伦理的发展提供了广阔的现实空间。

Neo-Confucianism,especially Zhuxi s Lixue,puts great emphasis on cultivation theory that is usually directed towards the virtue of Kun,therefore more converged than emanative.It is based on the mutual dependence of knowing and doing,expanding knowledge and following ritual proprieties,and learning from lower to upper level.In elaboration of the theory,Zhuxi has unconsciously developed his Feminist Ethics represented by“Ten Thousands of Rivers Reflecting the Moon in Themselves”.On this metaphysical basis,a system of feminist ethics originated from mutual influence of respect and optimal appropriateness to practicing Expediency has been established.