一次强雷电天气特征分析

Analysis of Characteristics of Lightning

研究旨在探讨雷电发生前各探测资料的变化特征,以期为雷电的预报提供指标。利用湖北闪电定位资料、多普勒天气雷达以及气象卫星的观测资料,从环流背景、系统形成机理、雷达反射率、回波顶高、垂直液态水含量和云图特征等方面,对湖北2014年8月30—31日的一次强雷雨天气过程进行分析。分析表明,在中尺度对流云团的影响下产生雷雨天气,雷雨天气过程发生时间及区域与雷达回波强反射率、高云顶高度区域的位置相吻合。当区域回波强度大部分达到40 dBz,最大达到45 dBz,回波顶高大部分在9 km以上,最大达到17 km,K指数≥36和垂直液态水含量大部分在6 kg/m^2以上,最大达到20 kg/m^2时,对强对流天气的雷电预报有明确的指示作用。

This research aimed to improve the detection of lightning before it occurs in order to provide an improved prediction method for lightning.Using observation data from a lightning locator,Doppler weather radar and meteorological satellite data from the Hubei area,this paper analyzed a strong Hubei thunderstorm and weather processes from August 30th to 31st,2014.The study considered the circulation background,system mechanisms,radar reflectivity,high echo top,vertically integrated liquid and characteristics of cloud maps.Our analysis showed that under the influence of a mesoscale convective cloud system,time and area of the lightning corresponded to the area of the radar with intense echo reflectivity and high cloud tops.When the regional echo intensity was 40 dBz,maximum of 45 dBz,echo top was above 9 km,maximum up to 17 km,K index was not below 36 and most of the vertically integrated liquid was more than 6 kg/m2,with the largest range of up to 20 kg/m2,thunder and lightning weather were forecast.