居住证制度在国内的扩散路径与机制分析

An Analysis on Innovation's Diffusion Path and Mechanism of Residence Permit System

以国内居住证制度为研究对象,基于政策文本分析方法,勾画其扩散路径,并对其扩散模式和机制进行研究。结果显示,居住证制度在国内的扩散,遵循"自下而上"的路径与"试点-推广"的模式,横向自发扩散与纵向政府推广并驾齐驱;扩散曲线呈现陡峭的"S型",中央举措作为关键全国性外生事件明显加速了扩散进程,上级政府干预是影响扩散的有效机制;除自上而下的强制机制之外,同级政府之间的学习或竞争机制也是影响扩散进程的关键因素。这表明,国内政策扩散呈现完全不同于西方的扩散特征。总体来看,构建全国联网的政策创新信息共享平台,加大对典型示范的宣传,可以加速政策的传播;"收益型政策"的扩散天然地迅速和活跃,在"福利型政策"扩散过程中政府公共开支增加、上级政府的支持和干预可以明显加快政策扩散进程。

When western policy diffusion theory becomes dominant and policy innovation is surging homeland,the research on policy innovation diffusion does have a great significance in both theory and application aspects.This paper,taking residential permit system as a case,seeks the origin and history,then sketches the temporal route of policy diffusion by collecting a large amount of legal documents,newspapers and magazines.By combing the diffusion mechanism and mode,the paper puts forward to three kinds of diffusion modes:leapfrog mode by learning and competing,top-bottom mode under power and pilot-diffusion mode by exploring.The paper demonstrates that the construction of a sharing platform of policy innovation and diffusion nationwide and intensifying the propaganda to typical model are able to accelerate the broadcasting of the policy.And it also shows that it is not preferable for the superior level to promote the diffusion concerning income policy,because its diffusion is actually rapid and active.On the contrary,it is preferable for the superior level to promote the diffusion concerning welfare policy,which will increase the government's spending.