中国的濒危语言保存和保护

The Preservation and Protection of Endangered Languages in China

中国的濒危语言保存和保护经历了由少数民族语言学家率先开展濒危语言调查研究并宣传呼吁,逐渐影响语言文化学术界,并引起政府和社会关注而开展保护行动这样一个渐进过程。其发展历程分三个阶段:第一阶段从1992年至2003年,是濒危语言研究的启蒙和探索期;第二阶段从2004年至2014年,是繁荣和转向期;第三阶段从2015年至今,由国家政府为主导,实施语言资源保护工程。后语保时代应充分认识我国语言濒危的现实,切实转向保存和保护的实践,以知识—交际模式记录和保存语料资源;以语言传承和传播为保护目标,开展有效的语言服务。

The preservation and protection of endangered languages in China experienced such a progressive process,in which the investigation,promotion and appeals of endangered language issues initiated by minority ethno-linguists.Then,it spread to the linguistic and cultural academia circles and brought the attention of the governments and the public into its implementation and protection.The development of Chinese endangered languages preservation and protection can be divided into three phases.The first phrase,from 1992 to 2003,is of enlightenment and exploration of endangered language studies.The second one,from 2004 to 2014,is of prosperity and diversion.The third one,from 2015 to the present,is“China’s era of language protection project”(“Yubao”Era),led and organized by the national government.In the Era of“Post-Yubao”,we should acknowledge the status of language endangerment,and shift our attention to the protection of endangered languages,such as documenting and preserving endangered language data based on the traditional knowledge-communication model.And we should create more diverse language products and offer effective language services targeted on language transmission and spreading.