环境规制、政绩考核与企业选址

Environmental Regulation,Performance Appraisal and the Location of Enterprises

基于"污染避难所效应"等相关理论,环境规制能否影响企业选址?在此过程中,政府治理目标设定,即政绩考核指标设定如何发挥作用?目前国内相关研究极少。本文通过研究环境规制以及政绩考核指标对不同类型企业的影响,以此明确两者在优化资源配置过程中的作用,以促进经济-环境双赢。从中国现实出发,本文将2003—2008年的《中国工业企业数据库》和《中国城市统计年鉴》进行匹配,采用负二项回归方法,验证环境规制和政绩考核指标对企业选址的影响,结果表明:环境规制对企业选址呈现倒"N"型影响,大部分样本依然处于第一阶段,环境规制不利于企业选址,而且环境规制对低污染、低生产率企业选址的影响较大;加强对环境绩效的要求,从总效应来看,对低污染、低效率企业选址的抑制作用更大;强调经济绩效指标更能促进低污染、低效率的企业选址。本研究结果对环境规制作用的发挥提供了一定启示,不仅丰富了环境规制与资源配置领域的文献,还有助于理清政府治理目标与微观企业选址之间的关系。

Based on the“Pollution Haven Effect”and other related theories,can environmental regulation affect the location of enterprises?In this process,how to set performance evaluation indicators?However,there are few domestic related studies at present.This paper studies the impact of environmental regulation and performance appraisal indicators on different types of enterprises in order to clarify the role of them in optimizing the allocation of resources in order to promote economic-environmental win-win situation.Starting from the reality of China,we match the“Chinese industrial enterprise database”and“China City Statistical Yearbook”from 2003 to 2008 and use Negative Binomial Regression methods to verify the impact of environmental regulation and performance appraisal on the location of enterprises.The results showed that:(1)Environmental regulation has an inverted“N”effect on location of enterprises,and most of the samples are still in the first stage.Environmental regulation is still not conducive to enterprise location.(2)As far as the impact on heterogeneous enterprise location is concerned,environmental regulation has a negative impact on low-polluting enterprise location,which is related to enterprise productivity.In other words,environmental regulation is not conducive to low-polluting enterprise location on the surface,but in fact is not conducive to low-productivity enterprise location.(3)Performance appraisal indicators not only directly affect the location of enterprises,but also indirectly affect the location of enterprises through environmental regulation.Strengthen the requirements of environmental performance,and directly and indirectly reduce the location of enterprises.Involving heterogeneous enterprises,environmental performance indicators have a greater impact on low polluting and inefficient enterprises.(4)In economic performance indicators,increasing the level of economic development requirements can directly increase the number of enterprises,and environmental regulation has a positive impact on the location of enterprises.Generally speaking,economic performance indicators are more conducive to location selection of low polluting and inefficient enterprises.However,increasing the demand for economic performance may not be conducive to emission reduction,making policy makers face the difficult choice of environmental protection and economic growth.The findings provide some inspiration for the role of environmental regulation.(1)The“Pollution Haven Effect”has certain scope of application.As far as research is concerned,it plays an important role in the static framework,and it needs to be explored if it is considered from a dynamic point of view,especially in the context of Chinese decentralization.(2)Reasonable environmental regulation plays a role in promoting the“win-win”of the economic environment,so we should continue to strengthen environmental regulation.Considering the quality of development,how to attract enterprises with low pollution and high efficiency to enter the market is an important way to improve the quality of development.(3)The performance assessment should continue to strengthen the requirements of environmental performance to encourage local governments to promote the green development of the economy,and pay attention to the intermediary role of environmental regulation,which is also the requirement of the concept of green development.(4)Environmental assessment indicators should be effectively combined with economic assessment indicators.The combination of the two may increase the entry of low polluting enterprises into the market.At the same time,we should pay attention to its adverse effects,that is,reduce the efficiency and increase the entry of inefficient enterprises into the market.Therefore,for highly efficient enterprises,we should reduce pollution and improve efficiency for low polluting enterprises.