东升庙铜矿采空区围岩大面积垮落冲击波致灾原理与防治

Shock Wave Disaster-causing Mechanism and Prevention by Goaf Surrounding Rock Large Area Collapse of Dongshengmiao Copper Mine

为有效预防采空区围岩大面积垮落诱发的空气冲击灾害,以东升庙铜矿2号采空区为例,利用顶板垮落-空气耦合冲击力学模型、空气动力学理论、Matalab差分计算方法,对空气冲击灾害和阻波墙结构进行了研究。研究结果表明:冒落围岩在采空区底部激发的冲击波极限波速约为38m/s,已远远超过人体的伤害界限12m/s;冲击波在巷道内传播的衰减规律呈直线型,但在距离巷口100m范围内冲击波衰减很不明显,各巷道断面最大冲击波波速仅降了2～3m/s;爆破岩石堆阻波墙不能有效阻挡冲击波,仅能配合其他措施使用,而采用2. 7m厚的混凝土阻波墙可以起到防冲效果。研究成果符合工程实际应用,可以为同类矿山研究采空区空气冲击灾害做参考。

In order to effective prevention air impact disaster that induced by large area collapse of goaf surrounding rock,it taking No.2 goaf of Dongshengmiao copper mine as example,and then roof collapse and air coupling impact dynamic model and air kinetic theory and Matalab difference calculation method were used to study air impact disaster and structure of resistance wave wall.The results showed that the largest shock wave speed was about 38m/s,which induced by collapse surrounding rock provocative at the bottom of goaf,and far exceeded human harm bound 12m/s,shock wave attenuation law in roadway appeared as linear,but it was unconspicuous within 100m scope to roadway entrance,the largest shock wave speed only decreased 2~3m/s,resistance wave wall that formed by exploded rock pile could not resistance shock wave effectively,it could be used to match up to other measures,but concrete resistance wave wall could effectively reached impact prevention results,which thickness was 2.7m,the results conformed to practical and it could reference for similar situation.