上海市居民精神卫生知识知晓度调查:2011-2013年变化

Mental health literacy among residents in Shanghai: change in 2011-2013

目的调查2013年上海市居民精神卫生知识知晓情况,观察2011-2013年来上海市居民精神卫生知识知晓情况变化。方法 2013年调查采用典型抽样基础上的分层随机抽样,横断面调查。1901名15岁及以上上海市常住居民完成调查。调查内容包括精神卫生与心理保健知识问卷、案例及精神疾病有关态度问卷。2011年调查采用同样方法。结果精神卫生与心理保健知识问卷总知晓率为75.0%,问卷平均得分(15.0±2.9)分,得分较2011年(14.4±3.1)分提高(P<0.001)。本次调查中,受访者对抑郁症案例的正确识别率最高,达41.6%;阴性症状为主的精神分裂症案例正确识别率最低,仅13.7%。对于案例中疾病的归因,受访者仍然主要认为是"工作压力太大"(40.7%)及"思想上的问题"(36.2%)。"找人做心理咨询"(42.6%)依然是受访者建议的最主要求助方式。多数受访者(68.5%)认为患者治疗后能继续工作。结论上海市居民对精神卫生知识的知晓度较2011年提高,居民对5种精神障碍的识别率有待提高,对疾病的归因了解不够全面。

Objective The aim of the study was to assess knowledge and attitudes about mental disorders among residents in Shanghai and to compare them with the results of 2011.Methods The survey design in 2013 was stratified random sampling and cross-sectional survey based on typical sampling.1901 residents aged 15 or above in Shanghai completed the questionnaires,including 20 items Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire(MHKQ),five vignettes Case Assessment Questionnaire(CAQ).The same method was adopted in the survey of 2011.Results The mean of correct responses rate was 75.0%.The overall mean score of the MHKQ was 15.0依2.9,which was better than that in year 2011(14.4依3.1)after control of gender and education(P<0.001).Respondents had the best rates of correct recognition of depression(41.6%)and the rates of correct recognition of schizophrenia was only 13.7%.The pressure from work(40.7%)and ideological problems(36.2%)were still reported to be the two main causes of mental disorders.Seeing a counsellor(42.6%)were the most common suggestion for help-seeking.Most of the respondents(68.5%)believed that patients could continue to work after treatment.Conclusion While the knowledge of mental health and psychological care among residents in Shanghai is better than 2011,there is still potential to improve mental health literacy in the areas of identification and attribution beliefs for mental disorders.