曼大公路仙米自然保护区标段取土场边坡生态修复措施

Ecological Restoration Measures of Borrow Pit Slope in Xianmi Nature Reserve in Mandela-Datong Highway

[目的]探讨青藏高原仙米自然保护区取土场生态修复技术的关键技术措施,为高原保护区边坡生态修复提供借鉴。[方法]以穿越仙米国家森林公园自然保护区的国道569曼德拉至大通高速公路NKSG4标段4#取土场边坡为例,基于取土场当地气候特点、地质土壤及植被状况,详细介绍了取土场生态修复的关键技术措施,包括取土场削坡、坡顶截水沟、平台排水沟及急流槽等措施,客土绿化及客土喷播生态修复工法要点,以及选择披碱草、冷地早熟禾、星星草、油菜和豌豆混合物种的具体配比。[结果]施工后1a的效果表明:排水沟体系排水效果良好,坡底无积水,坡面保持完整且无水土流失;客土绿化坡面植被覆盖率达到80%以上,客土喷播坡面植被覆盖率达到85%以上。[结论]取土场的生态修复效果达到要求;在进行生态修复时应尽量利用当地资源,以实现生态效益和经济效益最大化。

[Objective]Exploring key technical measures for ecological restoration technology of borrow pits in Tibetan plateau protected areas in order to provide references for ecological restoration of slopes in plateau protected areas.[Methods]Taking the No.4 borrow pit slope of National Highway No.569 Manda to Datong Expressway in Xianmi National Forest Park Nature Reserve as an example,and based on the local climate characteristics,soil and vegetation status of borrow pit slope,the key technical measures for the ecological restoration of earth borrowing pits are introduced in detail,including cut slope,drains at the top of slopes,and stream trough.Meanwhile,the technological key points of borrowed soil greening and borrowed soil spraying methods and the choice of Elymus dahuricus,Poa crymophila,Puccinellia tenuiflora,rapeseed and peaas mix proportion.[Results]The results of 45 days after construction showed that the drainage system has a good drainage effect,there is no ponding water at the bottom of the slope,the slope remains intact and no soil and water loss occurred.The vegetation coverage rate on the slope with the method of borrowed soil greening is more than 60%,and the vegetation coverage on the slope with the method of borrowed soil sraying reaches more than 70%.[Conclusion]The ecological restoration effect of the borrow pit slope meets the requirements.We should make full use of local resources to maximize ecological and economic benefits when carrying out ecological rehabilitation.