线粒体DNA分析青藏高原东方蜜蜂(Apis cerana)种群遗传结构

MtDNA variation of Apiscerana populations in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau

[目的]调查青藏高原地区东方蜜蜂种群遗传结构。[方法]利用线粒体DNA分子标记对青藏高原地区东方蜜蜂样本进行群体检测;对单倍型数量、频率分布、单倍型多样度、核苷酸多样度等指标进行统计分析;对地理种群内/间的遗传变异进行分子方差分析;对地理种群间的遗传距离矩阵与地理距离矩阵进行蒙特尔(Mantel)检验;利用邻接法、最大简约法和贝叶斯法分析单倍型间系统发育关系。[结果]青藏高原地区东方蜜蜂种群蕴藏着较丰富的遗传多样性,全部样本的单倍型多样度和核苷酸多样度分别为0.939和0.003 92;分子方差分析结果显示:尽管种群内变异对总变异的贡献率始终最大(>45.5%,P≤0.01),但不同地理种群间的变异也达到显著水平(>38%,P≤0.05)。[结论]人为基因交流是影响青藏高原地区东方蜜蜂种群遗传结构的因素之一;山脉、高原阻隔是塑造青藏高原地区东方蜜蜂种群遗传结构的主要作用因素。

[Objective]The purpose of present study was aimed to investigate the genetic structure ofApisceranapopulations in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau with mtDNA analysis.[Methods]Mitochondrial DNA marker was employed to examine the Apiscerana samples collected from Qinghai-Tibet plateau.The number of haplotypes,frequency distribution of haplotypes,haplotype diversity,and the nucleotide diversity were analyzed.Genetic variations of bothinter-and intra-populations were estimated by the analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA).Correlationship between the genetic and geographic distance matrices among each pair of populations was analyzed by mantel test.The phylogenetic relationship among haplotypes was reconstructed using neighbor-joining,maximum parsimony,and Bayesian analysis.[Results]Abundant genetic diversitieswere detected,andthe haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were determined as0.939 and 0.00392,respectively in all samples;AMOVA analysisresults indicated that the intra-population variation always contributed the biggest part(>45.5%,P≤0.01)to total variations,while a significant influence(>38%,P≤0.05)of inter-group variation was also observed.[Conclusions]Although artificial gene flow is a factor,mountains and plateau isolations playa major role in shaping the genetic structures of Apiscerana populations in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.