琼海麒麟菜保护区藻场退化原因分析

Causative analysis on eucheuma degeneration in Qionghai eucheuma nature reserve

麒麟菜在热带海域广泛分布,具有较高营养价值和生态价值。琼海保护区内麒麟菜已无法形成藻场。其主要原因是人工掠夺性采集麒麟菜和毁灭性开采珊瑚。在调查期间,麒麟菜在调查站位中只出现两次,分布稀少。珊瑚种类出现频率为0。沿岸养殖面积大,大量污水排放保护区内。总氮含量偏高(0.58 mg/L)导致氮磷比例不协调(38.6︰1)、化学需氧量(COD)较高(0.79 mg/L),生物因素中细菌含量偏高(506 CFU/mL),珊瑚大量被破坏,导致麒麟菜的藻场退化。底栖生物多样性低,周年平均1.176。

Eucheuma is widely spread in tropical seas,with high nutritional value and ecological value.There are no algae farms in Qionghai Eucheuma Nature Reserve right now.The main reason is human exploitation of coral and eucheuma on a large scale.During the investigation,Eucheuma appears only twice in the stations,and the frequency of occurrence of corals was 0.Large aquaculture areas result in too many aquaculture wastewaters in nature reserve.Due to high total nitrogen content(0.58 mg/L),inharmonious N/P ratio(38.6︰1),high chemical oxygen demand(0.79 mg/L),high levels of bacteria content(506 CFU/ml),large damage of benthic organisms and coral,the eucheuma degeneration has become ever more serious.The annual average of benthic biodiversity was as low as 1.176.