鞍带石斑鱼仔稚幼鱼骨骼发育与生长特性研究

Research on skeletal development and allometric growth in larval and juvenile Epinephelus lanceolatus

骨骼发育对于养殖鱼类苗种培育至关重要,骨骼畸形会影响仔稚幼鱼的外部形态及功能需求。作者利用骨骼染色技术和显微测量的方法对鞍带石斑鱼(Epinepheluslanceolatus)仔稚幼鱼的骨骼发育及生长特性进行连续观察和测量。实验结果表明:鞍带石斑鱼初孵仔鱼不存在骨与软骨结构,鞍带石斑鱼在变态前期和变态早期(长棘期)仔鱼的全长、颅骨长度、脊柱长度及尾鳍复合物的长度增加缓慢,骨骼发育过程中与摄食、呼吸及游泳功能相关的骨骼优先发育,如颅骨(颌骨、鳃)和鳍元件,且骨化顺序与发育顺序基本一致。进入变态晚期(收棘期),营养摄取及利用的器官发育趋于完善,稚鱼进入快速生长阶段。此外,在仔稚鱼发育早期,颅骨、脊柱以及尾鳍复合物中存在异速生长特性,呈现为在变态前期和变态早期(长棘期)颅骨和尾鳍复合物为正异速生长,而脊柱为负异速生长;在变态晚期(收棘期)和变态后期,颅骨为负异速生长,而脊柱和尾鳍复合物为近等速生长。因此,鞍带石斑鱼仔稚幼鱼的颅骨、脊柱及尾鳍复合物骨骼发育的异速生长现象与摄食、呼吸及游泳功能相适应。

Skeletal development is important in fish fry breeding because of its influence on external morphology and functional exercise.In this study,we investigated the characteristics of skeletal development and growth based on the bone staining technique.The results showed that the skeletal components of newly hatched larvae possessed no cartilage or bone elements,and the total length,cranium length,vertebral column length,and caudal fin length increased slowly during the pre-metamorphosis period and the early metamorphosis period(spine growth period).Skeletal development was associated with food ingestion and respiration and ossified preferentially,such as in the jaw and gill.Moreover,allometric growth occurred during the early developmental period in the cranium,spine,and caudal fins,and the cranium and the caudal fin complex showed positive allometric growth during the pre-metamorphosis period and the early metamorphosis period(spine growth period),whereas the vertebral column exhibited negative allometric growth.The cranium also showed negative allometric growth during the late metamorphosis period(spine degradation period)and the post-metamorphosis period,whereas the vertebral column and the caudal fin complex showed approximately isomeric growth.The timing and progression of the development of the cranium,vertebral column,and caudal fin complex significantly correlated with the functional requirement of food ingestion,respiration,and swimming capacity.