论福柯对现代性的判断与批判

On Foucault's Judgment and Critique of Modernity

福柯的著作长久地影响了后现代的发展,提到后现代,就不能跳开福柯对现代性的判断与批判。福柯对现代性的批判贯穿他从《疯癫与文明》到《性经验史》一生的著作,分为理论质疑、实证批判和全面批判三个阶段;并且福柯是以历史发展维度和知识-权力体系为切入点,批判现代性的两大哲学基础——"主体"与"理性"。但福柯批判现代性并不是为了消灭主体和理性,相反的,是为了更好地利用理性和回归自身的主体性。分别分析福柯三个阶段的代表性著作,可以探讨福柯是如何一步步以知识-权力体系来质疑和批判现代理性和解构人的主体性。

Foucault's works has influenced the development of postmodernism for a long time.When it comes to postmodernism,Foucault's judgment and critique for modernity cannot be ignored.Foucault's critique of modernity runs through his life from Madness and Civilization to The History of Sexuality,which is divided into three stages:theoretical questioning,empirical critique and comprehensive critique;and Foucault takes the historical development dimension and the power-knowledge system as the entry point,to criticizes the two philosophical foundations of modernity-"subject"and"rationality".But Foucault's critique on modernity is not to destroy the subject and rationality.On the contrary,it is to make better use of rationality and return to its own subjectivity.This paper analyzes Foucault's representative works of the three stages,and discusses how Foucault uses the power-knowledge system to question and criticize modern rationality and deconstruct the human subjectivity step by step.