高质量发展下中国制造业升级路径与对策——以装备制造业为例

中国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段。随着新一轮技术革命的不断推进,信息技术效能的作用进一步彰显,中国制造业正从工业化支撑发展到信息化、工业化两化融合引领创新驱动和升级发展,尤其是我国装备制造业既面临发达国家和其他发展中国家"双向挤压"的严峻挑战,也面临着技术革命带来的机遇而推动产业转型升级。本文在对装备制造业升级路径作出相关文献综述的基础上,分析了产业升级面临的问题,提出基于正向工程的集群式升级路径、自主创新的具体方法,并进行评价指标体系研究。最后,提出强化功能性产业政策的引导作用,促进企业以市场需求为导向提升自主创新能力;高度关注装备制造业资产结构,打造军民融合产业聚集地;推动信息技术与装备制造业深度融合,建立基于技术成熟度的产学研结合机制;不断提升经济创新力和全球竞争力,积极融入国际分工网络等对策建议。

China’s economy has shifted from high speed growth stage to high quality development stage.With the continuous progress of the new round of technological revolution,the function of information technology efficiency is further highlighted,and China’s manufacturing industry is developing from industrialization support to the innovation driving and upgrading led by the integration of informatization and industrialization.In particular,China’s equipment manufacturing industry is facing the severe challenges of the“two-way extrusion”in developed countries and other developing countries,as well as the opportunity brought by technological revolution to promote industrial transformation and upgrading.By reviewing the upgrading path of the equipment manufacturing industry,and after fully analyzing the problems equipment manufacturing industry faces,this paper proposes the upgrading path based on forward engineering and the specific method of independent innovation.Finally,the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the upgrading of equipment manufacturing industry from four aspects including strengthening the guiding role of functional industry policy and promoting enterprises to improve independent innovation ability guided by market demand;paying high attention to the equipment manufacturing asset structure and building the integration of military and civilian integration industry;promoting the integration of information technology and equipment manufacturing industry and establishing the industry-university-research integration mechanism based on technology maturity;and constantly improving economic innovation and global competitiveness and actively integrating into the international division network of products.