对外开放与中国制造业升级——基于地区面板数据的检验

]改革开放四十年以来,作为对外开放的先行重点领域,中国制造业取得了长足的进步,但制造业领域既往的对外开放模式也在一定程度上造成了目前中国制造业转型升级的困局。基于1987-2016地区面板数据的检验结果表明,在对外开放的几项指标中,外商直接投资、出口、进口虽然对制造业竞争力提升均产生了显著的正面作用,但对以技术密集型制造业占比为表征的制造业结构升级产生了负面影响。根据研究结论,建议未来的对外开放重点应该从数量扩张转向结构性改革,推动制造业的全面主动型对外开放,从侧重加工型制造业转向以创造型制造业为主,倾斜性引导外商投资流向技术密集型制造业,加快推动"出口替代"战略及拓展中高端海外市场领域,推进"中国创造""智能制造"及"互联网+制造"战略的实施。

Since the reform and opening up in the past forty years,China's manufacturing industry has made a great progress as a leading area of opening to the outside world.However,the past mode of opening to the outside world in the manufacturing field has also caused the dilemma of the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry to some extent.The test results based on the regional panel data from 1987 to 2016 show that,of the indicators of opening to the outside world,FDI,exports and imports have significantly positive effects on the upgrading of manufacturing competitiveness,but it has a negative impact on the upgrading of manufacturing structure characterized by the proportion of technology intensive manufacturing industry.According to the research conclusions,it is suggested that the future opening to the outside world should be shifted from quantitative expansion to structural reform to promote the overall active opening up of manufacturing industry to the outside world and from the focus on the processing oriented manufacturing industry to the focus on creative manufacturing industry as to guide the foreign investment to the technology intensive manufacturing industry,implement the strategy of“export substitution”,expand the middle and high-end overseas markets,and promote the implementation of the strategy of“China creation”,“intelligent manufacturing”and“Internet plus manufacturing”.