近代以来美国本土日本移民的分期及特点(1868～1941)

The Staging and Characteristics of Japanese Immigrants in the United States since Modern Times (1868—1941)

日本人赴美国本土的移民活动始于1869年(明治二年),1941年太平洋战争的爆发完全阻断了这一进程,日美围绕"移民问题"展开的外交交涉,直接反映了这一时期两国关系的变化。1908年日美签订《君子协定》,标志着美国本土对日本移民活动进入限制时期;1924年美国颁布《排日移民法》,所有日本人都被列为禁止入境之列,以移民身份赴美活动实际宣告结束;战时对日本人的拘留政策,可谓给在美日本人带来了灭顶之灾。通过对四个时期移民实践的考察,清晰地发现美国排日运动始终贯穿着日本移民活动的全过程;同时,日本主动限制与美国州层面排日运动之间又保持了一种微妙的平衡。

The Japanese immigration activities to the United States began in 1869(the second year of the Meiji period).The outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941 completely blocked this process.The diplomatic negotiations between Japan and the United States on the"immigration issue"directly reflected the relationship between the two countries before the war.In 1908,Japan and the United States signed the"The Gentlemen’s Agreement",marking the period when the United States entered the restricted period of Japanese immigration activities;in 1924,the United States enacted the"The New Immigration Law and the Exclusion of Japanese,"and all Japanese were listed as prohibited from entering the country and went to the United States as immigrants.The actual announcement of the event ended;the detention policy for the Japanese in the war was a disaster for the Japanese in the United States.Through the investigation of the immigration practice in the four periods,it is clear that the American Exclusion of Japanese Movement has always run through the whole process of Japanese immigration activities.At the same time,Japan has maintained a delicate balance between the exclusion of Japanese movement and the US state-level movement.