西班牙海军博物馆所藏武吉斯海图研究——以马来半岛为例

A Study on the Bugis Sea Chart collected in the Naval Museum of Madrid:Focusing on the Malay Peninsula

近年来南中国海的研究日益受到重视,海内外学者们纷纷从中文或西方文献与古地图中找寻相关的材料来建构东南亚环绕的南中国海历史。但对于东南亚地区的人们是如何建构他们的南中国海世界,却一直较少受到学界适度的重视,或许是受到下列三个因素的影响,即欧洲中心论思维下的西方学界的忽视、东南亚地区民族对其自身保存文献的不重视及因遭受西方外来者的殖民统治所导致的文化断裂,使得以往的研究忽略了东南亚民族所绘的东南亚地图。难道东南亚地区的人们完全没有南中国海海图描述的传统吗?答案显然是否定的。因为根据葡萄牙人的记载可以得知,葡萄牙人最早在1512年就在当地见到使用当地文字符号记录的海图。

This paper uses the Bugis Sea Chart(referred to as“Madrid Sea Chart”below),a collection of the Naval Museum of Madrid(Museo Navel de Madrid),as the primary research object.By consulting the history of the Bugis people,we cross-referenced various Bugis Sea Charts to check and correct the toponymy of Malay Peninsula on the Madrid Sea Chart.We deduced that it was an intellectual product of the Bugis people,created at some point during the period from late 18 th century to early 19 th century.On the other hand,the content and drawing methods of the Madrid Sea Chart provided us a clearer idea about the Bugis people:their roles in maritime trade in traditional Malay sea zones,the core aspects of their lives,and their contribution to the making of maritime geographical knowledge concerning Malay sea zones.