孟子智德观及其现代价值

Mencius' View of Wisdom and Morality and its Modern Value

智德是中国道德哲学非常重要的德性范畴之一。儒家、道家、墨家对其都有非常深刻的见解,尤其是儒家的智德观奠定了中国传统智德观的基本格局。孟子在孔子开创的"德性之智"的基础上,做了进一步的发展,不仅把智德的精神品质看作是明是非、辨善恶的能力,以及对仁义的维护,而且第一次将"仁、义、礼、智"四德并举,形成了自己的德性体系,开创了宋明理学家弘扬"德性之智"的先河,对增强中华民族道德修养的自觉性,功不可没。在新时代,我们要加强公民道德建设、培养民众的道德自觉,孟子的智德思想具有重要的理论借鉴意义。

Wisdom and morality is one of most important categories of virtue in Chinese moral philosophy.Confucianism,Taoism and Monism all have very profound views on it,and especially the Confucian view of wisdom and morality has established the basic pattern of Chinese traditional view of wisdom and morality.Mencius made further development on the basis of Confucius’s“wisdom of virtue”.He not only regarded the spiritual quality of wisdom and virtue as the ability to distinguish right from wrong,the ability to distinguish good from evil,and the maintenance of benevolence and righteousness,but also,for the first time,combined the four virtues of benevolence,righteousness,propriety and wisdom to form his own virtue system,which created a precedent for Song Ming Neo-Confucianism to carry forward the virtue of morality and wisdom,and contributed to the consciousness of Chinese moral cultivation.In the new era,Mencius’thought of wisdom and morality has great theoretical significance for strengthening the moral construction of citizens and cultivating people’s moral consciousness.