当代印度尼西亚移民与国籍政策变迁评述——兼论对华人移民的影响

A Review of Contemporary Indonesian Immigration and Citizenship Policy Changes——A Concurrent Discussion on the Impact on Chinese Immigrants(1)

冷战结束后,随着全球经济联系的加强与相互依赖程度的加深,全球人口跨国迁移与流动日益频繁。印尼作为全球最大的穆斯林国家,在后苏哈托时期印尼政治民主化改革运动的刺激下,也不断地修正与改革国内的移民政策与国籍法。在婚姻移民政策、外籍劳工政策、印尼外劳保护法律、难民安置政策及印尼华裔国籍法改革等领域进行了一系列的修正与改革,逐渐放宽了外籍人员的居住与入籍条例,积极颁布印尼外劳的保护法律,并彻底废除了对印尼华裔带有歧视性的国籍证明。作为东南亚地区大国,印尼也本着人道主义精神,积极参与区域内的难民接纳与安置,履行大国的责任与义务。21世纪以来,随着中印尼战略合作伙伴关系的建立与加强,双方经贸关系飞速发展,两国间的人口跨国流动与迁移也愈发频繁,成为中印尼关系发展的新动力与人文交流的新纽带。

After the end of the cold war,with the strengthening of global economic ties and the deepening of interdependence,the transnational migration and mobility of the global population have been increasingly intensified.As the largest Muslim country in the world,Indonesia has continuously revised and reformed its domestic immigration policies and nationality laws under the stimulation of the Indonesian political democratization reform movement in the post-Suharto era.A series of amendments and reforms have been carried out in terms of the marriage immigration policy,the foreign labor policy,the Indonesian foreign worker protection law,the refugee resettlement policy and the Indonesian Chinese nationality law reform.Moreover,the regulations on residence and naturalization of foreigners have been gradually relaxed,and the protection law for foreign labor in Indonesia has been actively promulgated,and the discriminatory nationality certificate for Indonesians of Chinese descent has been abolished.As a major country in Southeast Asia,Indonesia has also actively participated in the acceptance and resettlement of refugees in the region in a humanitarian spirit and fulfilled the responsibilities and obligations of a major country.Since the 21st century,with the establishment and strengthening of China-Indonesia strategic cooperative partnership and the rapid development of the bilateral economic and trade relations,the cross-border migration of population between the two countries has become more frequent,which has become a new driving force for the development of China-Indonesia relations and a new link for people-to-people and cultural exchanges.