节能减排的就业结构优化效应:一个文献综述

Optimizing Effect of Employment Structure of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction:a Literature Review

现有研究节能减排与就业关系的实证文献所得结论并不统一,可以将其分成三个层次:(1)双重红利层次,即环境规制的就业创造效应高于就业缩减效应,改善环境质量(第一红利)的同时会促进就业的增长(第二红利);(2)就业结构优化层次,即政策的就业创造效应与就业缩减效应大致相抵,但就业结构更清洁化;(3)就业破环层次,即政策的就业创造效应非常有限。通过文献综述法,对中国工业部门的一系列规制政策进行分类,结果发现尽管实现双重红利很困难,但基于税收和市场的规制政策依然可以实现就业结构优化效应,而行政化的规制政策则以就业破坏为主。

This paper divides the literature of energy saving and emission reduction and employment into three phases.(1)The double dividend level:the employment creation effect of the environmental protection is higher than the employment reduction effect,and improving the environmental quality(the first dividend)will promote employment growth at the same time(the second dividend).(2)The employment structure optimization level:the policies’employment creation effect and employment reduction effect can roughly offset,but the employment structure is cleaner.(3)The employment destruction level:the policy’s employment creation effect is very limited.Through the literature review,this paper classifies a series of regulatory policies of China’s industrial sector.Despite the difficulty of realizing the double dividend,the policy of taxation and market regulation still achieves the optimization effect of employment structure,and the administrative regulation policy is the main reason for the destruction of employment.