占婆亡国后顺城地区土地状况与奴隶制度——以十八世纪潘陀浪王宫中文档案为中心的研究

Land Status and Slavery of Tran Thuan Thanh in 18th Century-Seen from Royal Archives of Panduranga

占婆是占族人建立、曾经存在于今越南中南部地区的一个濒海古国,在古代南海交通史上占有重要地位。占婆国在中国古代典籍中最早被称为林邑。9世纪以后,该国常以“占城”一名,出现在中国和越南的史料之中。占婆国强盛时,其活动范围东临南海、北至横山、南至潘陀浪地区。横山山脉位于北纬18度一线,是越南河静省和广平省的界山。潘陀浪位于今越南的宁顺省和平顺省一带。京族政权在越南北部建立以后,长期与占婆发生战争,双方互有胜负。随着京族政权的向南推进,占婆逐渐处于劣势,其国土不断被蚕食。15世纪后占婆沦为京族政权的附属国,到17世纪中期其国土仅余潘陀浪地区。1693年,占婆国号被取消,广南政权在占婆地区设立顺城镇,占婆国王成为顺城藩王,又在当地设立平顺府、平顺营。广南政权灭亡后,当地相继被西山朝、阮朝控制。

Royal Archives of Panduranga preserved in Asian Society Library in Paris is a file about Champas historyRoyal Archives of Panduranga write in Chinese,Han Nam and Cham,Chinese accounting for one sixthChampa was an ancient Cham nation located in middle Vietnam and in a longterm confrontation with Jin Nation in the northChampas land kept shrinking to the south in the confrontationIt only left Panduranga in the middle 17th centuryIn 1693,the tittle of Champa was canceledNugyen Lords set up Thuan Thanh Tran and the King of Champa became Thuan Thanh Tran WongThe contents of Royal Archives which ranged from early 18th to late 19th century were official documents of Thuan Thanh Tran under control of Nguyen Lords,Tay Son Dynasty and Nguyen DynastyThey offered unique accounts of the relation between Thuan Thanh Tran and Nguyen Lords and following Tay Son Dynasty,also the economic and social condition of Champa in 18th centuryThis essay will try to introduce the substance and format of Chinese Royal Archives of PandurangaThese Archives included personal attachment system,land trade,private lending,military movements,levy and so onThey offerred detailed accounts of explaining the human trafficking and land transaction in Thuan Thanh Tran in 18th centuryIn terms of human trafficking,slavery were still active in Thuan Thanh TranTrading activity of human trafficking happened frequentlyThe Archives about human trafficking include slaves trading,chase of fled slaves,ransom of slaves,present or render of slaves,dispute of“Man”,and so onThey offer red unique accounts of the situation of slavery of Thuan Thanh TranIn terms of land transaction,these Archives included trading,exchange,pawn and inheritance of farmland or plantation,dispute about tenure of watercourse,dispute about property in land,permissions of land transaction,and so onThese Archives hinted great Vietnamese influence on the land system in Thuan Thanh TranThey also indicated the stability of land price and the trend of land concentration in Thuan Thanh TranThis essay will also try to discuss the relation between Thuan Thanh Tran and Nguyen Lords,and the following Tay Son DynastyRelative to Nguyen Lords,Tay Son Dynasty tighten the screws to Thuan Thanh Tran in military and economyThese measures lead to larger scale of assimilation of Thuan Thanh TranThe assimilation of Thuan Thanh Tran was a gradual process lasted for more than one hundred years instead of a sudden changeThe bureaucratization of native officers in Thuan Thanh Tran was more likely a reform of upper class.