经济学人对改革开放40年成就与问题的判断——基于《中国经济学人》调查问卷的分析

The Judgment about Achievements and Problems of 40 Years' Reform and Opening-up from Economists——Analysis Based on Questionnaire Survey by China Economist

经过40年的改革开放,中国取得显著成就,已成为世界第二大经济体和世界第一制造业大国,贸易总量稳居世界前列,人民生活水平显著提升。然而,社会发展的不充分与不平衡也在逐步显现。中国社会科学院工业经济研究所与《中国经济学人》(《China Economist》)杂志在2017年12月从"幼有所育、学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居、弱有所扶"等维度考察中国在教育、医疗、社保、住房、就业、消费、收入分配、环境等方面取得的成绩与存在的不足。调查发现,中国已基本满足人民物质文化需求,进入全面实现小康社会攻坚阶段,但距离实现人民"美好生活"还存在不小差距。经过40年的努力,中国在教育、健康、收入、就业、生活环境、人口流动性等方面均有显著提升,但高房价、教育及收入分配的公平问题成为现阶段制约中国充分而平衡发展的主要问题。

After 40 years of reform and opening up,China has been the second largest economy and the largest manufacturing nation in the world,the total volume of trade has ranked top of the world,and people s living standards have improved significantly.But at the same time,the inadequacy and imbalance of social development are gradually emerging.In December 2017,the Institute of Industrial Economics of CASS and China Economist carried out a survey about achievements and shortcomings of“childcare,education,employment,medical services,elderly care,housing and social assistance”.The results show China basically meets the material and cultural needs of the people,and has been entering a crucial stage of building a moderately prosperous society to a successful completion,but there is still a big gap between the realization of people s“better life”.During the 40 years,people’s living standard has been improved significantly in education,health,income,employment,living environment and population mobility etc.,however,the problem of high housing price and the unequal distribution of education and income are still the main problems that restricts the adequate and balanced development.