湖北崩尖子自然保护区夏季鸟类群落及多样性研究

Investigation on the Biodiversities of summer avian in Bengjianzi Nature Reserve, Hubei Province

2014至2015年每年的6—8月,采用样线法对崩尖子自然保护区夏季鸟类群落组成与结构进行了研究,野外调查共记录鸟类9目29科56种,其中国家重点保护鸟类3种。从居留型来看,留鸟39种,夏候鸟16种,旅鸟1种;在地理区系构成上,东洋种37种(66.07%),古北种8种(14.29%),广布种11种(19.64%)。多样性分析结果显示,该区鸟类群落Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数、和Simpson指数分别为3.33、0.83和0.95。从各生境群落多样性指数看,常绿落叶阔叶混交林中鸟类群落多样性指数最大,其次是落叶阔叶—温性针叶林,高山灌丛草甸带的多样性指数最小;优势度指数在不同生境的变化趋势与群落多样性指数相似;高山灌丛草甸中鸟类群落Pielou均匀度指数最高,常绿阔叶林中的鸟类群落均匀度指数最低,旨在为崩尖子自然保护区的生物多样性保护提供科学依据。

The community composition and structure of summer birds in Bengjianzi Nature Reserve were investigated by line-transect method from June to August in 2014 to 2015.A total of 56 bird species belonging to 29 families and 9 orders were recorded.3 species were listed as national protected birds.The result of habit type classification suggested that there were 39 resident species and 16 species were migrants(including summer breeders,winter species).1 species was transient migrants.Additionally,37 species(66.07%)were oriental realm species,8 species(14.29%)were palaearctic realm species and 11 species(19.64%)widely distributed.The result of the diversity analysis showed that the Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou index and Simpson index of the community were 3.33,0.83 and 0.95.Among the diversity indicts,evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest were maximal.The next were deciduous broadleaf warm coniferous forest and then alpine bushes and meadow were minimal.The variety of dominance index in different environments and the community index were similar.Alpine bushes and meadow equitability index was the highest and the broad-leaved evergreen forests was the lowest.It will provide a scientific basis for biodiversity conservation of Bengjianzi Nature Reserve.