体育“新治理”的实践经验及国内启示——基于英国近20年的考察

Practical experiences and domestic implications of sports “New Governance” :Based on a survey of Britain in recent 20 years

运用文献资料与对比分析相结合的方法对英国近20多年来体育"新治理"的经验进行梳理与解析。20世纪70年代之前,英国体育属于"官方治理",而后执政当局实行"强制竞标",致使英国体育一度跌入谷底。为了实现体育复兴,1997年布莱尔政府开始了"新治理"的历程。在治理目标、结构、体制、机制等方面进行了诸多创新,具体可以归结为以下四点:其一,革新体育组织建构新型"伙伴关系";其二,明确"中央—区域—地方政府"三层责任分工;其三,"公司化"体育机构激发其活力,并结合"善治"规范保障其有序;其四,"善用"资金治理促进竞技体育提升与大众体育的推广。借鉴英国体育"新治理"的成功经验,革新与促进国内当下体育发展,我国实施体育治理则可以从以下几方面入手:首先,应优化体育组织结构推进"伙伴关系"的建构;其次,要进一步明确当下"中央—区域—地方政府"的责任分工,来落实目标的实现;第三,采用"公司化""善治"与绩效三者相结合的方式对体育机构体制加以创新;最后,要注意合理运用与拓展"资金"的手段来改善体育机构的运行机制。

Based on the methods of literature review and comparative analysis,this paper made a series of in-depth analysis of the experience of"new governance"in sports in the UK for more than 20 years.The study found that British sport was"official governance"before the 1970s,and then came the"forced bidding"of the ruling authorities,which led to the nadir of British sport.In order to achieve a sports Renaissance,the Blair government began the"new governance"process in 1997.In terms of governance objectives,structure,system and mechanism,many innovations have been made,which can be summed up in four aspects:first,to innovate the new"partnership"of sports organizations.Second,it is clear that the division of responsibilities of the central-regional and local government.Third,the"corporatization"sports organization inspires its vitality,and combines the"good governance"norms to ensure its order;Fourth,"good use"money management promotes competitive sports promotion and popular sports promotion.Drawing on the successful experience of British sports"new governance",innovation and promote the domestic current sports development,the implementation of sports in China governance can obtain from the following several aspects:first,the sports organization structure should be optimized to promote the construction of"partnership".Second,it is important to further clarify the responsibilities of the current"central-regional and local governments"to implement the objectives.Third,the system of sports institutions should be innovated by combining"corporation","good governance"and performance.Finally,we should pay attention to the rational use and development of"funds"to improve the operation mechanism of sports institutions.