从交往到仪式——文化记忆理论视域下的古希腊竞技史

From communication to ritual: Athletic history of Ancient Greece under the theory of cultural memory

首先剖析记忆作为社会参考框架下的理论,具体展示在文化记忆层面上探讨体育的新视角。继而从记忆的角度出发,揭示了壁画到史诗的古希腊竞技记忆方式从易逝、混沌的交往记忆到整体凝聚的仪式记忆的传承。正是这种蜕变,致使竞技所传承的文化记忆的内容进一步集中于某些"阶层"手中,使其成为一种城邦政治斗争的手段。接着,回归历史哲学层面反思体育史的研究中浓厚的"价值观",凸显出古希腊竞技记忆与中世纪、现代记忆的差异性。最后,在文化记忆理论的基础上,探讨体育史研究方法从原始的历史走向哲学的历史的更替,回应了史学研究的"事实"与"价值"之争论。

The authors first analyze the theory of memory which is as a social reference frame.It shows a new perspective on the cultural memory.Then,from the perspective of memory,the paper reveals the Ancient Greek competitive memory mode from the mural to the epic.Because of the change,it leads to the cultural memory content and the bearing of the cultural heritage which is passed on to be further concentrated in the hands of some classes to make it a means of political struggle.Next,it returns to the level of philosophy of history to reflect on the history of sports in the study of strong"values",highlighting the unique features of ancient Greek competitive memory.Finally,on the basis of the theory of cultural memory,this paper expounds that the research method of sports history changes from the original history to the history of philosophy.