汉语马来语领属定语标记“的”、“yang”的认知探讨对比

A Contrastive Study on Possessive Marker between Chinese “的” and Malay “yang” :A Cognitive Pers

表示领属性定语,汉语可加可不加定语标记"的"(例如:我妈妈、我的妈妈);而马来语则一律不加定语标记"yang"。本文在汉语已有的相关研究的基础上,就汉马这两种语言中的领属性定语标记的隐含进行对比与考察,对马来语领属定语一律不加标记"yang"这一现象,提供佐证并提出一些解释。相比之下,汉语领属定语能否隐去"的"不取决于"可让渡或不可让渡"这个条件,要看属性构造中的定语在语义上是否可以充任规约的分类指标,领属构造中的定语是否充任规约的确认指标;马来语领属定语一律不加"yang"是因语言经济性(Economy)原则和语言象似性(Iconicity)原则相互竞争的结果。

As for Chinese,the possessive marker“的”is not compulsory for a nominal possessive construction(eg:wo mama,wo de mama)while as for Malay,the possessive marker“yang”is not required.On the basis of relevant research on Chinese language,this paper compares and examines the implication of the possessive marker in the two languages,and also provides evidence and gives further explanation.In contrast,the possessive modifier of Chinese does not depend on the condition of“alienable”or“inalienable”.The absence of“yang”of Malay possessive modifier shows that there are some differences in conceptual and cognitive thinking between ethnic groups.This is the result of competition between the Principle of Economy and the Principle of Iconicity.