高寒区施肥和混播对燕麦人工草地生物碳储量影响的研究

Effect of Fertilizer and Mixture on the Oat Cultivation Grassland Plant Carbon Storage on Alpine Plateau

采用三因素四水平正交试验设计[L_(16)(4~5)],研究了燕麦品种、施肥和箭筈豌豆混播对燕麦人工草地生物碳储量影响的研究,为燕麦人工草地生态评价提供理论依据。结果表明,品种、施肥和混播均显著影响燕麦草地生物碳储量,品种主要影响燕麦茎、穗和根生物碳储量,施肥主要影响燕麦叶生物碳和箭筈豌豆根生物碳储量;混播主要影响箭筈豌豆茎、叶生物碳储量。燕麦人工草地总碳储量为1 707.70～2 470.15kg·hm^(-2),其中利用青海甜燕麦和采用尿素+磷酸二铵+有机肥施肥处理,箭筈豌豆混播75kg·hm^(-2)或60kg·hm^(-2)时建植燕麦人工草地地上、地下总生物碳储量均表现较高,其地上总生物碳储量分别为2 204.7kg·hm^(-2),2 136.4kg·hm^(-2)和2 008.0kg·hm^(-2),地下总生物碳储量分别为265.4kg·hm^(-2),247.4kg·hm^(-2)和250.3kg·hm^(-2)。各器官碳储量及群落总生物碳储量均随生育期的推进显著增加,在乳熟期达到最大。燕麦和箭筈豌豆地上总生物碳储量分别在燕麦抽穗期—开花期和开花—乳熟期增长迅速。

To reveal the effect of oat variety,fertilizer and legume mixture on the plant carbon storage and allocation pattern,we carried out an experiment with four oats varieties(A1:Avena sativa cv.Qingyan No.1,A2:A.sativa cv.Lena,A3:A.sativa cv.Qinghai 444,A4:A.sativa cv.Qinghai),four levels of nutrient addition(B1:No addition CK0;B2:urea 75 kg·hm-2+diammonium phosphate 150 kg·hm-2,IM;B3:organic fertilizer 1 500 kg·hm-2,OM;B4:urea 75 kg·hm-2+diammonium phosphate 150 kg·hm-2+organic fertilizer 1 500 kg·hm-2 IM+OM)and four legume mixture levels(C1:0 kg·hm-2;C2:45 kg·hm-2;C3:60 kg·hm-2;C4:75 kg·hm-2).As the results showed,the variety,fertilizer and legume mixture all significantly affect the oat grassland plant carbon stock.The variety played a main role in the oat stem,ear and root carbon storage,the fertilizer influenced the oat leaf carbon and legume root carbon storage,and the legume mixture took a great part in legume stem and leaf carbon storage.Under these three different agronomy procedure,the total plant carbon ranged from 1 707.70~2 470.15 kg·hm-2.For the A.sativa cv.Qinghai,urea,diammonium phosphate and organic fertilizer treatments got a higher above-and below-ground plant carbon storage(2 204.7 kg·hm-2,265.4 kg·hm-2 and 2 136.4 kg·hm-2;247.4 kg·hm-2,75 kg·hm-2 and 60 kg·hm-2).With the legume mixture,the above and below-ground was 2 008.0 kg·hm-2 and 250.3 kg·hm-2.The carbon allocation of different plant organs increased along with the growth period and got the peak value at milk stage.The carbon storage of the above-ground oat increased greatly during the heading period to flowering,but the legume increased from florescence to milk period.