玉米种质对丝黑穗病的抗性分析及发病条件研究

Analysis of Maize Germplasm Resources Resistance to Head Smut and Research on Its Incidence Conditions

为明确不同玉米种质资源对丝黑穗病的抗性差异,本研究于2012—2015年间采用人工接种法对1 164份玉米种质进行了田间抗性鉴定,结果表明,38份材料03GEM00041、07GEM02289、07GEM02902等表现高抗,占比3.26%;61份材料W6、478、4619、A580等表现抗病,占鉴定种质的5.24%;W22、W216、W286等140份表现中抗,占比12.03%;其余566份和359份分别表现感病和高感,分别占总鉴定材料的48.63%和30.84%。经过对比发现,不同地区玉米种质抗性强弱以及抗性多样性存在较大的差异,来自云南和广东的种质其抗性水平明显低于内蒙古和黑龙江。通过聚类分析发现,41份材料可划分为5类。在系谱图上,抗病性相同的品种大致划分在同一个类中,但也存在一定的偏差。研究结果同时表明0～10cm的土壤温度在15.8～17.9℃,病株率在85%以上,为适宜发病温度,其中15.8℃为最佳发病温度;接菌量为0.3%时的病株率明显高于接菌量为0.1%和0.2%的病株率。

The study aimed to confirm the head smut-resistance differences among maize germplasm resources.Using the artificial inoculation method under field conditions,1 164 corn accessions resistances were screened and evaluated for resistance to head smut from 2012 to 2015.The results showed that 38 accessions were highly resistant,including 03GEM00041,07GEM02289,07GEM02902 et al,accounting for 3.26%of the total of accessions.Sixty-one germplasm was resistant,such as W6,478,4619,A580 and so on,accounting for the percentage of 5.24.One hundred and forty accessions were moderately resistant,such as W22,W216,W286,accounting for 12.03%of the total of germplasm.The other 566 and 359 accessions were susceptible and highly susceptible with the percentage of 48.63 and 30.84,respectively.The results also showed that there were differences in resistance level and diversity among maize germplasm from different ecological areas For instance,the resistance level in germplasm from Yunnan province and Guangdong province were lower than that from Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang province.The clustering analysis result showed that 41 landraceswere classified into five groups.The accessions with the same resistance level was roughly classified in the same group,but deviations also existed.The incidence of head smut was above 85%when the 0~10 cm soil temperature was between 15.8 to 17.9℃,showing that the above temperature was suitable for this disease.The disease incidence with the inoculation rate of 0.3%was significantly higher than that of 0.1%and 0.2%inoculation rate.