两种放蜂方式对田间烟蚜的防治效果研究

Control effect on Myzus persicae by two different release methods of the parasitoid wasp Aphidius gifuensis in the field

为探究烟蚜茧蜂自动持续释放法和成蜂释放法对田间烟蚜的控制效果,笔者在贵州省德江县煎茶镇系统研究了两种放蜂方式对烟蚜在油菜田和烟田的种群数量的影响,并根据调查数据计算其防治效果。结果表明,放蜂前油菜田烟蚜量为72. 67～115. 73头/10株,烟田为15. 33～19. 40头/10株,两者差异显著。放蜂后,成蜂释放法在前期油菜田的相对防效为53. 12%,烟田为52. 81%,防治效果均优于自动持续释放法;但后期自动持续释放方式对烟田的烟蚜防治效果高达76. 76%,且防治的持续性较强。综上可知,两种释放方式各有其优点,成蜂释放法能在较短时间内控制烟蚜的种群数量,而自动持续释放法则对烟蚜的防治具有较好的持续性,因此建议今后在利用烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜时,可将两种放蜂方式合理结合以提高其防效。

The control effect of the auto-sustained release and adult wasp release of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead,an endoparasitoid,on the populations of the green peach aphid,Myzus persicae(Sulzer),in oilseed rape field and tobacco field was systematically investigated in Jiancha town,Dejiang County of Guizhou Province.The effect was evaluated based on the survey data from the field.Before the release of A.gifuensis,there are significant differences of aphid populations on the plants between the two fields:the oilseed rape field had 72.67 to 115.73 aphids per 10 plants and the tobacco field had 15.33 to 19.40 aphids per 10 plants.After release,the relative control effect of the adult wasp release method was 53.12%in oilseed rape field and 52.81%in tobacco field;the results of adult wasp release method was better than that of auto-sustained release method.However,in the late stage,the control effect of auto-sustained release method reached as high as 76.76%,and its persistence was strong for the prevention and control of M.persicae.In summary,each of the two release methods has its advantages.Adult wasp release method can control the population of aphids in a relatively short period of time;while the auto-sustained release method has good persistence to the control the aphids in the late stage.Therefore,it is suggested both release methods are to be used in the future to improve the control effect of A.gifuensis on M.persicae.