洛克哲学中的“理性主义倾向”问题及其哲学史意义

Tendency of rationalism in Locke's philosophy and its significance in philosophical history

很多研究洛克的学者都注意到,通常被归类为经验主义的洛克哲学中存在着明显的理性主义倾向。如何看待洛克哲学中的理性主义倾向,成为洛克哲学研究中的重要问题。通过系统地梳理可以发现,洛克哲学中的理性主义倾向不是洛克哲学的局部特征,而是洛克哲学体系的整体特征。从哲学发展史的角度看,洛克哲学中之所以存在着突出的理性主义倾向,这与笛卡尔对洛克哲学广泛和深刻的影响密不可分。所谓的洛克哲学中的理性主义倾向,实质是洛克哲学中的笛卡尔倾向,这是理解洛克哲学中为什么存在着理性主义倾向的钥匙。理性主义和经验主义的对立是解读近代哲学的占统治地位的模式,这种解读模式是后世特定哲学史研究立场的产物,深层次看,洛克哲学中的理性主义倾向只有在这种解读模式下才会成为问题。只有打破这种解读近代哲学的僵化模式,才能正确地看待并最终消解洛克哲学中的"理性主义倾向"问题。

Many scholars have noticed that Locke s philosophy,which is usually classified as empiricism,has an obvious rationalist tendency.How to treat the rationalist tendency in Locke s philosophy has become important in the study of Locke s philosophy.Through a systematical study,we can find that the rationalist tendency in Locke s philosophy is not the partial characteristic of his philosophy,but its whole characteristic.From the perspective of the history of philosophy,the prominent tendency of rationalism in Locke s philosophy is closely related to the extensive and profound influence of Descartes on Locke s philosophy.The so-called rationalist tendency in Locke s philosophy is essentially a Cartesian tendency,which is the key to understanding why there is a rationalist tendency in Locke s philosophy.The opposition between rationalism and empiricism is the dominant mode of interpreting modern philosophy.This mode of interpretation is the product of the specific research standpoint of philosophical history.Only by breaking this rigid mode of interpretation of modern philosophy can we correctly view and eventually deconstruct the problem of“rationalist tendency”in Locke s philosophy.