补偿何时能换来对全球化的支持——嵌入式自由主义、劳动力流动性与开放经济

When Will Compensation “Buy” the Support for Globalization?Embedded Liberalism,Labor Mobility and Open Economy

全球经济一体化是18世纪以来世界经济与社会发展的一条重要脉络,如何理解并调和其中必然会产生的经济效率与社会和谐间的矛盾成为众多研究的主题。对于第二次世界大战之后如何实现国际经济秩序与国内社会安排的协调和相互促进,又以约翰·鲁杰提出的嵌入式自由主义最具概括性和影响力。传统的嵌入式自由主义文献认为,公共部门的规模和全球经济一体化之间呈正相关关系,全球化需要一个更大的公共部门以补偿全球化中的输家或者为其提供保险。作者认为,跨行业劳动力流动性的水平显著地影响了补偿与经济政策开放度之间的相关关系。这是因为劳动力流动性能够形塑劳动者的收入分配状况,更高的劳动力流动性能带来更一致的收入分配。当劳动力流动性水平较低时,嵌入式自由主义政策往往无法与经济政策的开放度形成正相关关系;只有当劳动力流动性水平较高时,嵌入式自由主义文献所预测的补偿与经济开放度之间的正相关关系才有可能实现。实证分析的结果也支持了对于该条件关系的假说。

Global economic integration has been a major driver for world economic and social development ever since the 18th century.There is a large and growing literature trying to understand and propose solutions to the unavoidable tensions between economic efficiency and social harmony.The theory of embedded liberalism,first proposed by John Ruggie,has evolved into a canonical summary about the post-WWII international economic order and domestic arrangements.The literature on the embedded liberalism compromise has argued for a positive correlation between the size of public sectors and its integration with global economy,where a larger public economy is needed to compensate or insure the losers from globalization.The author argues that levels of inter-industry labor mobility(ILM)greatly influence how compensation strategy will be correlated with economic policy openness.This is because ILM shapes the income distribution among workers,with higher ILM being associated with more coherent distribution.As a result,when ILM levels are low,compensation often fails to be correlated with economic policy openness;and the positive correlation as predicted by the embedded liberalism compromise becomes more likely when ILM levels are high.This paper has conducted an empirical analysis on these conditional effects and finds strong support for them.