比例电化学传感器在生化分析中的研究进展

Advances in Development of Ratiometric Electrochemical Sensors and Their Biochemical Applications

电化学传感器具有简便、快速、灵敏、成本低、易于微型化、可在线检测等优点,在疾病诊断、环境监测和食品安全领域得到广泛应用。然而,传统的电化学传感器存在稳定性差和重现性差等不足。比例电化学传感器基于一对双信号转换模式,以两种或两种以上电化学活性分子的电信号比值作为输出信号。由于同一体系中的两种或多种电活性物质的电信号常会受到相似的外界环境影响,采用比值作为输出信号能够在一定程度上消除来自体系本身和背景的电化学信号的潜在干扰,提供内部自校准,提高检测灵敏度和选择性。本文主要综述了比例电化学生物传感器的构造策略及其在蛋白质、核酸、生物小分子和金属离子检测等生化分析中的研究应用进展,对该领域未来的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。

The electrochemical sensors have been widely applied in the fields of disease diagnosis,environmental monitoring and food safety due to their advantages such as simplicity,rapidity,high sensitivity,low-cost,easy miniaturization and on-line analysis.However,the conventional electrochemical sensors suffer from low stability and poor reproducibility.The ratiometric electrochemical sensors may overcome these issues by adopting a dual-signal mode,i.e.,"one-to-two"signal output resulting from two label-redox molecules,which can efficiently overcome the potential interference from the inherent background electrochemical signals and improve the sensitivity and selectivity.In this review,we summarize the principles of ratiometric electrochemical sensors and their applications in sensitive detection of proteins,DNA,small biological molecules and metal ions.Moreover,we give new insight into the future direction and challenges in the development of ratiometric electrochemical sensors.