人格的力量:非认知能力对流动人口创业选择的影响

Non-cognitive Skills on Floating Population's Entrepreneurial Choices

人格特征对于个体的创业选择扮演着日益重要的角色,本文基于NEO人格问卷的人格特征维度量表,结合2014年全国流动人口动态监测数据,实证考察流动人口的非认知能力对其创业选择的影响发现,外向性、开放性和严谨性都对流动人口的创业有显著且稳健的正向影响,而神经质对创业有显著的负向影响。进一步将样本分为机会型创业vs生存型创业、男性vs女性以及市区vs郊区进行考察发现,相对机会型创业,严谨性和神经质对生存型创业的影响更显著,但是外向性和开放性对机会型创业的概率提升显著高于生存型创业;相较于女性,开放性、严谨性和神经质对男性的影响更显著,但外向性对女性创业的概率提升大于男性;外向性、严谨性使流动人口在郊区创业要比市区创业的概率更大,而开放性、神经质的影响则相反。本文对于流动人口"草根创业"能够提供与既有研究不同的政策启示。

Personality traits play an increasingly important role in individual entrepreneurial choices,which is one of the emerging issues in the field of labor economics.Based on the personality dimension scale of NEO Personality Questionnaire and the dynamic monitoring data of national floating population in 2014,this paper examines the non-cognitive skills of floating population,including extraversion,openness,conscientiousness and neuroticism.Empirical studies show that extraversion,openness,and conscientiousness have a significant and robust positive impact on the entrepreneurial choices of the floating population,while neuroticism has a significant negative impact on entrepreneurship.Further analysis divides the sample into opportunity-pull entrepreneurship v.s.necessity-push entrepreneurship,male v.s.female,and urban v.s.suburbs.The results show that compared to opportunity-pull entrepreneurship,the effect of conscientiousness and neuroticism on necessity-push entrepreneurship is more significant,but the extraversion and openness make the probability of necessitypush entrepreneurship lower than them;compared to women,openness,conscientiousness and neuroticism on men are more significant,but the extraversion make the probability of entrepreneurship lower than women;extraversion and conscientiousness make the probability of starting a business in the suburbs greater than that in the urban areas,while the impact of openness and neuroticism on the opposite.So the floating population“grassroots entrepreneurship”can provide different policy insights with existing research.